Lecture 2/2

Question 1

Define devil facial tumor disease (DFTD)

Answer 1

First appearance 1996 Tasmania
DFT1 Originated in Schwann cell of female devil and DFT2 came from male of similar cellular origin
A contagious cancer, the malignant cells transfer between individuals through bites forming new clonal tumors
Decreased tasmanian devil pop by 80%
Small lesions in mouth, face, neck. Live tumor cells not rejected by immune system. Once infected, devils die within few months of cancer becoming visible (9-12). Death from starvation/organ failure.

Question 2

Define sialocele

Answer 2

The water content is removed from saliva and the leftover counterpart is viscous, reddish colored “liquid”, and accumulates under the skin when duct of a salivary gland is broken, forming lumps on the animal’s neck.

Question 3

Why is it important to ensure a just-born animal can suckle?

Answer 3

It is a reflex that needs to be established or they may have difficulty eating later. If they don’t have the response to suckle when something is put in their mouth, you must use an orogastric tube to feed the animal

Question 4

How to tell if you have tubed into the esophagus or into the trachea

Answer 4

Inject a tiny bit of saline- if the animal coughs, you are in the trachea. If you are in the esophagus, the animal will have no cough reflex.

Question 5

Define dysphagia

Answer 5

Difficult or painful swallowing
- difficulty with prehension and bolus formation
- impaired initiation or inadequate relaxation during the swallowing reflex
- difficulty passing a bolus through the esophagus or the cardia

Question 6

Define regurgitation

Answer 6

Passive expulsion of food or fluid from the esophagus or the stomach
Can be from undigested food to digested food to liquid
No bilious material
Often have concurrent aspiration pneumonia
No contraction, very passive

Question 7

Define vomiting

Answer 7

Centrally mediated reflex in which ingesta are actively expelled from gasto tract. Frequently associated with gastrointestinal disorder but can occur without. Results from neural and humoral signals initiated by a variety of disorders.

Question 8

Where is the emetic center

Answer 8

in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. There are emetic receptors throughout the entire body- meaning anywhere in the body can initiate vomiting

Question 9

How to describe vomit accurately

Answer 9

How long after eating
Volume
Color
Consistency
Odor
Presence or absence of bile
Presence or absence of blood

Question 10

Define myasthenia gravis

Answer 10

Neuromuscular disorder in canidae and felidae mainly
Causes weakness in the skeletal muscles
Usually caused by autoimmune problem

Question 11

Describe metabolic bone disease

Answer 11

Medical disorders affecting the development, integrity, and function of bones. Includes osteoporosis, osteomalacia, fibrous osteodystrophy, nutritional and renal secondary parathyroidism
MBD involves derangements of blood calcium levels.

Question 12

How is calcium stored

Answer 12

Stored as hydroxyapatite and this accounts for 99% of the total calcium stores in the body. The majority of the remaining 1% is found in the intracellular compartment

Question 13

What is extracellular ionized calcum

Answer 13

In its physiologically active form, it is responsible for important functions such as bone homeostasis, muscle contraction, nerve coduction, and blood coagulation.

Question 14

True or False: Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in reptile and amphibian is poor nutrition

Answer 14

True