lecture 2 Flashcards
Personal Data
e.g. “‘personal data’ means any information
relating to an identified or identifiable natural
person”
(Art 4 (1) GDPR)
Big Data
“Volume (quantity), Velocity (speed), Variety
(diversity)”
Soubra, The 3Vs that Define Big Data
Artificial Intelligence system
e.g. “‘AI system’ means a machine-based system that is designed to operate
with varying levels of autonomy and that may exhibit adaptiveness after
deployment, and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input
it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content,
recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual
environments”
(Art 3 (1) AI Act)
Term – Legal Tech
= Legal Technology
“technology and software used in the legal profession” (Bues/Matthaei [2017])
“adoption of innovative technology and software to streamline and enhance
legal services” (Corrales/Fenwick/Haapio [2019])
“modern technologies and IT solutions that can be used to provide some types
of legal services” (Park, S.H./Lee/Park, J.S./Kim [2021])
Main Categories within Legal Tech
1) Technologies
facilitating the access to
and processing of data
2) Support solutions
3) Substantive law
solutions
1) Technologies facilitating the access to
and processing of data
- Facilitate access to lawyers and legal data
- Attempt to support competitiveness of
◦ the legal market and
◦ legal research - e.g. cloud storage tools, legal research databases, cybersecurity solutions
2) Support solutions
- Support-process tools
◦ adopting more effective case management
◦ maximising the potential of a law firm’s administration - e.g. case management, management of human resources/customer
relationships, accounting, billing, payrolls
3) Substantive law solutions
- Solutions
◦ assisting or even replacing legal advice from lawyers in the execution of
specific legal tasks - e.g. e-discovery, online dispute resolution, legal analytics, AI-based
applications
Legal marketplaces
= offer more affordable, accessible, fast, and transparent legal services
* Target group
◦ focus on consumers or focus on lawyers
* Consulting scope
◦ low-cost and quick legal advice or more demanding legal representation
Legal research
= key aspect of legal practice
* ‘Dinosaur’ of Legal Tech applications
* Clients are increasingly unwilling to pay for legal research
* Major step: from keywords to semantics
◦ understanding and connecting intention and context of search
Data security technologies
= protect digital data
* Particularly relevant in the legal domain
◦ client expectations (confidentiality)
◦ reputational damage (trust)
* Attacks
◦ cyber-attacks
◦ security threats
Case and practice management
= automate common routines in legal practice
* Timekeeping and billing
* Calendars and deadlines
* Collaboration, workflow and task management
* Client management and communications
* Case and document management
Document automation and assembly
= assist in the creation and assembly of electronic documents, e.g. contracts and
letters
* Replacing the manual creation of documents
* Can involve machine learning tools and NLP (natural language processing)
techniques
Predictive analytics
= use of data, statistical algorithms and machine-learning techniques to identify the
likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data
* Providing a best assessment of what will happen in the future, beyond descriptive
statistics/reporting on what has happened
* Based on huge amounts of data
◦ judicial decisions, articles, legislative texts…
◦ fact patterns, precedents and case outcomes
* e.g. use of fact patterns and precedents to predict a case’s outcome
E-Discovery
= application of methods of machine search to the review of legal documents
* Complex techniques:
◦ contextual searching and concept searching
◦ involving machine learning
* e.g. analysis of documents received from an opposing party
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)
= Settlement process entirely, or largely, conducted through the internet
* Facilitating the resolution of disputes outside of a legal court using technology
* Suitable for low-value disputes that can be resolved more quickly and for less costs with ODR than with
ordinary courts
* e.g. automated negotiation (parties do not dispute on liability but need to agree on the value of
remedies)
important websites to know
RIS
AIssociate
EUR-Lex
CURIA
HUDOC
