lecture 1 Flashcards
Legal Framework
- international law, state law, EU law
International Law:
* Governs the relationship
between states and
international organisations
* Area: e.g. human rights,
environment, …
* Treaty & customary law
* e.g. Vienna Convention on
the Law of Treaties,
Charter of the United
Nations
State Law
* Governs a particular state
* Area: omnicompetent
(public law, private law,
criminal law, …)
* Constitutional law,
federal/provincial law,
ordinances…
* e.g. Federal Constitutional
Act, E-Government Act
European Union Law
* Governs the European
Union
* Area: principal of conferral
(e.g. internal market)
* Primary, Secondary &
Tertiary law
* e.g. Treaty on EU (TEU),
General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR),
Artificial Intelligence Act
(AI-Act)
public V private law
public law:
- affects society as a whole
- relations between individuals and the state
- broadly criminal law, tax law, etc
- in a more narrow sense constitutional law, administrative law
private law:
- affects individuals/ businesses
- relaztionship between individuals /businesses
- eg property law, family law, corporate law
Fields of Law - Public vs Private Law
Public Law
* Supremacy and subordination
* Sovereignty (imperium)
* Purpose of the norm:
◦ Enforcement of the public interest
* Only mandatory law
Private Law
* Equality of status
* Contractual relationship
* Purpose of the norm:
◦ Balancing of individual interests
* Dispositive and mandatory law
Digital Elements – Automated Decision
96 Federal Tax Code (‘Bundesabgabenordnung, BAO‘)
§ 18 General Administrative Procedure Act
(‘Allgemeines Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz, AVG’) –
partial automation
Digital Elements – E-Voting
E-Voting – self-administering bodies
Student’s Union (until 2011)
Economic Chambers
Digital Elements – Video Conferences
(federal government? municipal council?)
- Until 30 June 2023:
◦ Decision of the Federal Government: Art 69 (3) Federal Constitutional Act (‘Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, B-VG’)
◦ Decision of the Municipal Council: Art 117 (3) Federal Constitutional Act (‘Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, B-VG’)
Digitisation of the Legal System – Advantages & Risks
Advantages of digitisation:
Efficiency increase
Time saving/reduction of
workload
Cost reduction
Quality improvement/error
reduction
Risks of digitisation
Susceptibility to errors (due to
poor data quality, poor system
quality)
Lack of transparency
Lack of traceability
Lack of explainability,
accountability, responsibility
Surveillance
E-Government
= Electronic communication with public
authorities
E-Government Act (‘E-Government-Gesetz, E-GovG’) – Aims
- Digital Austria
- Promotion of electronic communication (legally relevant communication)
- Security of electronic communication
- Right of electronic communication (right of individuals)
- Electronic deliveries (obligation of companies)
Abstract Structure of National Laws
I. (Materials relevant for interpretation)
II. Subject matter and scope (material, personal, temporal and territorial scope)
III. Definitions
IV. Substantive law (identity/authenticuty, electronic record keeping, liability proisions)
V. Governance structure (§ 28 E-GovG)
VI. Enforcement & penalties
VII. Final provisions (–> entry into force)
Competences
- E-GovG?
(Art 10-15 Federal Constitutional Act)
- E-GovG => Art 10 B-Vg, so both federation and provinces
Legislative Proposals
(Art 41 Federal Constitutional Act)
- Government bill (‘Regierungsvorlage’)
- Members of the National Council (‘Nationalrat, NR’)
- Federal Council motion (‘Bundesrat, BR’)
- Popular initiative (‘Volksbegehren’)
◦ 100.000 voters, or
◦ 1/6 of the voters in three Federal Provinces
