lecture 2 Flashcards
where is damage on the brain for criminals
orbital cortex
personality
the unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of an individual’s character that influence behaviour in different situations
humors 4th century
based on Hippocrates and Galen - based on imbalances of fluid
sad and depressed
melancholic - black
cranky easily upset - assault
choleric - yellow
inactive apathetic
phlegmatic - phlegm
changeable temperamental - murder, rape
sanguine - blood
endomorphic
love of comfort relaxed - unlikely to be a criminal
mesomorphic
power dominance, love of risk - crimes involving strength
ectomorphic
socially anxious, private, emotionally restrained - non physical crimes out of jealously or revenge
different association theory
individuals learn to become criminals through association with other who hold criminal beliefs, attitudes, motivations
strain theory
crime is a product of individuals with a lower socio-economic status
psychoanalytic perspestctive
Freud 1980-1930
unconscious, psychosexual
ID
complete unconscious
Ego
acts as a referee between ID and superego
Superego
unconscious and represent moral perfection
oral stage
birth - 2
sucking
anal stage
2-3
defecation
phallic stage
4-5
genital area
latency stage
6-puberty
resting period
genital stage
puberty onwards
behavioural
Skinner 1930-1950
conditioning
classical conditioning
When a conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus it will elicit a conditioned response which is similar to, but less strong than, the unconditioned response
an event that automatically triggers a psychological repsonse
UCS
a natural and unlearned psychological response to a trigger
UCR
a previously neutral event which after assocaition with the UCS, triggers a physiological response
CS
the physiological response to the CS which is less strong then the USR
CR
ones level of self-actualisation
humanistic - VIP
cognitive fundamental postulate
states that individuals are capable of interpreting objects and events in the world cognitively and then using this personal understanding to guide their behaviour and better predict the behaviour of others
