Lecture 2 Flashcards
*T/F: most library searches yield 1000’s of results!
True!
*What are the ABC’s of ChatGPT?
Ask the right questions (start broad, then add specifics or parameters)
Be critical (verify, review sources, talk to people)
Craft it better (add ideas, real library citations, build more. make it your own)
*Journal articles are the _____ of science, textbooks and policy
Bedrock!
*what perspective should students maintain when reading journal articles?
A critical perspective
- literature reviews can involve ____ organization (start broad, then funnel your specific interests, set up your objective.
Selfish
- _____ in on a specific topic and write the introductory sentence (literature review)
Narrow
T/F: to narrow in on a topic/search terms, there are classic (reading recent books, entire volumes of key journals, recent ‘review’ articles, take to experts, attend conferences) and modern approaches (online search engines, wiki, google scholar, generative AI)
True!
T/F: Generative AI is an excellent initial place to scope out a topic area/learn key words…
True
T/F: “re-search” implies that we cannot do what we’ve done before.
False - we’re often re-doing a lot of what we’ve done before to re-verify what’s already been tested.
T/F: journals will publish things that don’t have systematic approaches.
False
What are the five typical main components of a journal article?
- introduction and literature review
- objectives
methods
results
discussion and conclusion
What component of a journal article is the following usually in:
“measurements, sampling”
Methods
What component of a journal article is the following usually in:
“findings, analysis”
Results
What are the key considerations of a literature review?
Is it clear how their study fits into past work?
Are key concepts/terms defined clearly?
Do the study objectives naturally flow out of the gaps identified in the literature?
T/F: a literautre is where you’re supposed to define everything
true!
What are the key considerations of the objectives section?
Are they clearly and specifically identified?
Do methods flow naturally from them?
Are they revisited in the conclusion?
What are the key considerations of the methods section?
Did they consider a variety of options?
Do they provide enough detail?
Do they identify possible improvements?
T/F: there is no single, gold standard to measuring and sampling
True
T/F: good scientists will reveal “how they could have made it better” at the end of their article
True
What are the key considerations of the results/analysis section?
What constrained the analysis? (sample, time, location, variables, internal/external factors, etc.)
What factors may be missing in the analysis?
Is causality made clear? (a lot of young research students find relationships and think it means causality but it doesn’t – it often requires additional data and insights into what’s actually going on –> if you’re speculating on causality, you could say “strongly suggest” or “my findings suggest”)
Do the authors identify limitations?
What are the key considerations of the discussions/conclusions section?
Do they summarize key findings as basis for conclusion?
Are they cautious given limitations in data?
Do you sense any foregone conclusions?
Do they meaningfully address practical implications?
Do they openly and fully identify limitations?
T/F: literature reviews are overviews of past literature in a given area
True
T/F: literature reviews discuss trends and developments while discarding any weakness or gaps
False - they highlight weaknesses/gaps
T/F: the literature review sets up your objective and lays out how your research will build on the topic
True
T/F: Two key ways of organizing a lit review are by frequency of topic and by area.
false - organize a literature review chronologically (grouping and discussing developments over time, ending with current ideas/trends/theories and future directions) or thematically (grouping in terms of themes/topics covered)
T/F: chronologically organizing your literature is the strongest option since it’s easier to demonstrate topics important to your research
False - thematically organizing it is stronger organizationally since it’s easier to demonstrate topics important to your research.
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Provide an overview”
Broad
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Contextualize topic within wider subject”
Broad
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Introduce key theories/models”
Broad
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Hone in on literature that overlaps with your topic. Can be broken down further into themes”
Narrow
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Dive deep into a select few studies most pertinent to your topic.”
Specific
The Funnel Approach:
Which category is this in?
“Identify key research questions that remain”
Gaps
