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CRO 1 Spring 25 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Deciding to treat with chemo depends on (6)

A
  • Natural history of the disease
  • Type and severity of symptoms
  • Patients
    current activity level
    age
    psychosocial aspects
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2
Q

Patents with a KPS below 40 have a ___ ___ and ___ tumor responce

A
  • Poor tolerance
  • Unsatisfactory
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3
Q

Cytotoxic agents kill tumor cells according to ___ ___ ___

A

First order kinetics

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4
Q

First order kinetics is the

A

constant PERCENTAGE of tumore cells that are killed when exposed to a drug

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5
Q

What are cell cycle specific drugs

A

Drugs that kill cancer cells ONLY when they are dividing

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6
Q

Cytotoxic agents responce to cycle specific drugs are enhanced by

A

Large growth factor

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7
Q

nonspecific cell cycle specific drugs affect

A

cells in all phases of life, not just when dividing

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8
Q

Cancer cells are ofter more ___ than normal cells

A

immature

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9
Q

Agents that act at ___ ___ of the cell cycle increase cell kill

A

Varying phases

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10
Q

Highly susceptible normal tissure are (3)

A
  • Bone marrow
  • GI Tract
  • Hair follicles`
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11
Q

Hormonal therapy drugs make the environment ___ ___ for cancer cell

A

Less hospitable

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12
Q

Actively growing cells are the ___ ___

A

Most susceptible

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13
Q

Protein P53 plays a big role in cell ___ and ___

A
  • divison
  • death
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14
Q

P53 either
- ___ ___ the cell to allow for ___
- Or initiates ___ ___ ___
- Both responces are used to ___

A
  • Slows down, repair
  • apoptic cell death
  • Spuress tumor cell growth
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15
Q

Aquired mutations are frequently observed in cancers of the (4)

A
  • colon
  • bladder
  • lung
  • prostate
    (all more resitstant to cytotoxic chemo agents)
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16
Q

Malignant tumors have ___ cell population

A

heterogenous

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17
Q

Biochemical resistnace can look like (4)

A
  • Decreased drug uptake
  • Decreased drug activating enzymes
  • Increased drug-inactivating enzymes
  • Increased DNA repair
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18
Q

Drug administration abbreviations
- PO
- IM
- IV
- IT

A
  • Oral
  • Intramuscular
  • Intravenous
  • Intrathecal (spine)
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19
Q

______ determins the best rout of administration

A

Absorption rate

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20
Q

Alterations with time of drug concentration following administration helps determin

A

dose and intervals

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21
Q

Alkylating agents
- Damage
- Inhibit ___ by reacting with ___

A
  • DNA
  • cell division, DNA
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22
Q

Antimetabolites
- Damage
- Prevent
- Interfere with the synthesis of ___ in the cell
- Interfere with the ___ causing the cell to ___

A
  • DNA
  • formation of nucleic acid
  • Protein
  • Synthesis of the cell wall, break apart
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23
Q

Synergy is when

A

Two or more drugs interact to enhance their effects

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24
Q

Antagonism is when

A

Two or more drugs work together to decrease their effects

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25
Patients with cachexia are less likely to (2)
- tolerate a meaningful course of chemo - Attain good clinical responce
26
What effects does chemo have - Bone marrow - Hair follicles
- reduction of blood cells - Hair loss
27
Thrush caused by
imbalance of naturally living organisms
28
Bone marrow contains stem cells that transfrom into (3)
- RBC - WBC - Platelets
29
Low RBC side effects (4)
- Feel tired - Feel dizzy - Feel winded - Catch chills
30
RBC life span
3-4 months
31
Production of RBCs are slowed for a few ___ after chemo
days
32
RBC count reflects the
number of RBC in a cubic millimeter of blood
33
Homoglobin carries
O2
34
HGB is a good indicatior of
a RBCs ability to carry O2 from lungs to rest of body
35
HCT tells what ___ of whole blood contains ___
- percent of the sample - RBCs
36
Erythropoietin - Produced by ___ when ___
- Kidneys - Drop in O2 carrying capacity
37
A synthetic verson of ___ can be given to speed up ___
- Erythropoietin - RBC production
38
WBC lifespan
3-4 days
39
Chemotherapy does not affect cells that are
Circulating
40
Chemotherapy only affects cells that are
dividing
41
After WBC die off patients become extremely susceptible to
Infections
42
Neutrophils - Most ___ - Kills ___ - Helps fight ___
- Numerous - Bacteria - Infections
43
Eosinophils - Respond to ___ by ___
- Allergic reactions by detocifiying foreign proteins
44
Basophils - ___ type of WBC - Realeses ___ and ___
- Rarest - Histamine and Heparin
45
What is Granulocyte Nadir
The lowest peripheral granulocyte count
46
Granulocyte Nadir - Happens ___ to ___ days after admistration - Cell proliferation is at its ___ - Cell specific agents should be __ to reduce hematopetic damage
- 8-10 days - Maximum - Avoided
47
Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes) - Provide ____ to certain diseases - Create ___ - Produced by (5) - Move between (2)
- immunity - antibodies - Bone marrow, Lymph Glands, Spleen, Tonsils, Thymus - Blood and lymph systems
48
Agranular Leukocytes (monocytes) - Bodys ___ line of defence - They remove (3) - Produced by - Deposited in (4)
- 2nd - Damaged or dying cells and cell debris - Bone marrow - Lymph nodes. Lungs, Liver, Spleen
49
Platelets - Produced by a cell called a ___ - Live for ___ days in circulation - Help form ___
- Megakaryocyte - 10 - Blood clots
50
Reduction in platelets can cause (2)
- easy bruising - broken blood vessels
51
Patients with low platelets shoud be carful when (2)
Brushing teeth and flossing
52
Platelets counts are reviewed to assess
Kidney function prior to administering chemo or contrast
53
Blood chemistry analyzes
Plasma
54
Electrolytes are minerals that carry an
electric charge
55
Electrolytes affect your body in ways including (3)
- The amount of water in your body - The acidity of your blood - Your nerve and muscle function
56
What maintains the balance of electrolytes
Kindeys
57
Chemotherapy can affect they bodys ability to maintain
Electrolyte balance
58
Nausea is caused by a trigger in the brain called the
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
59
Nausea is stimulated by (6)
- Felling of fullness - Dizziness - Smells - Sights - Fear/anxiety - Chemicals
60
Antinausea medication works in many ways including (3)
- Blocking the release of histamine, dopamine and serotonin - Speeding up digestion to relieve fullness - Make you sleep
61
The more fluid taken in the easier it is for the body to
Break down chemical by products of the agents
62
If vomiting keep track of (2)
- Fluid intake - Frequency of urination
63
What is psychogenic nausea
Nausea that occurs befor patien is even treated
64
When having dirrhea avoid (4)
- caffine - fatty foods - fried foods - dairy
65
Renal tubular necrosis - caused by - Patients need (2) to ensure large urine flow - ___ should be checked for kidney function
- Cisplatin and methotrexate - Hydration and diuretics - Creatine
66
Cardiotoxicity is
The occurance of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage. Resulting in heart toxicity
67
Cardio toxicity drugs (3)
- Doxyrubicin - Daunorubicin - Cyclophosphamide
68
Pulmonary toxicity - Drung name - Causes
- Bleomycin - Pulmonary fibrosis
69
Neuraltoxicity - Drug name - Symptoms - reversible after
- Vincristine - Loss of tendon reflexes, motor weakness, occasional jaw pain - Several months
70
___ in treatment of Hodgkins disease has been shown to make 80% of men steril
MOPP
71
Acute leukemia - Peak incidence time - Risk rises with ___. Ex older than ___
- 3 to 9 years - Age, 40
72
What is radiation recall
Acute inflammatory reaction confined to previosly irradiated areas that can be triggered with chemotherapy agents
73
Radiation recall is caused when
Chemotherapy interferes with the repair of skin cells damaged by radiation
74
Chemo with peripheral stem cell transplantation - Allows for - Helps body overcome - Allows for rapid ___ recovery
- Higher dose escalation - Drug resistance - Neutrophil and platelet recovery
75

CRO 1 Spring 25 (5 decks)

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