Lecture 2 Flashcards
This lecture has the details on how to cite academic literature
What are the main theories of personality?
- Trait
- Psychodynamic
- Socio-cultural
What is personality?
A relatively enduring pattern of thinking, feeling and acting that characterizes a person’s unique response to his or her environment
What is a trait?
- A relatively enduring personal characteristic
- Core traits displayed consistently can be used to predict and understand behaviour
What is Id?
Primitive and instinctive component of personality
What is ego?
Mediates between the unrealistic Id and the external real world
What is superego?
The values and morals of society that help control the Id. It tries to convince the Ego to act morally and strive for perfection
What are sociocultural theories?
Root personality in life experience, communities or practice and social relationships
What are some examples of sociocultural theories?
- Social cognitive approach
- Phenomenological approach
- Socially- constructed approach
What is the social cognitive approach?
- Emphasises the development of personality through people interacting with social environment that provides learning and experiences
What is the phenomenological approach?
Abraham Maslow believed that human motivation is based on a needs hierarchy - from basic requirements towards higher levels of ‘actualisation’
What are modes of personality testing?
- Interviews
- Behavioural assessment
- Personality tests
What is perception?
Basic psychological systems
associated with each sensory
modality, together with central brain
processes which integrate and
interpret the output from these
physiological systems
What are schemata?
- Inter-related cognitions that allow us to quickly interpret the world
- They are automatic and become ‘second nature’ responses
How are stereotypes generalised schemata?
- Schemata develop over time and are resilient
- It adjusts data to fit our existing schemata
- Resilience can lead to resistance to change
What is a psychological contract?
- Other than a written contract they have perceptions and expectations about what they will receive in terms of gratification in return for ‘doing a good job’
- a promotion, additional training
