Lecture 2

Question 1

What is a socio-technical system

Answer 1

A system “that considers requirements spanning hardware, software, personal, and community aspects. It applies an understanding of the social structures, roles and rights to inform the design of systems that involve communities of people and technology.”
Sociotechnical challenges need more than simply technical solutions

Question 2

What is the process flow of the data science course?

Answer 2

1. Descriptive data analytics. This will define responsible data guiding principles.
2. Diagnostic data analytics. Will help define data and statistical thinking bias for the descriptive analytics
   3.Predictive Data Analytics will establish Fairness and its metrics
3. Prescriptive Data Analytics will help detail transparency and explainability.

Question 3

What are data points ? (aka. datum)

Answer 3

The factual information derived from a measurement or research and can be represented as a numerical data point, a statistical display or a graph.

Question 4

Examples of data points ?

Answer 4

• Ex1:Persons,Humans
• Ex2:Cities, Places of living, Communities, Jobs,Safety

Question 5

What is a data value?

Answer 5

Data value is the content that fills a space in a record

Question 6

Give examples of data values

Answer 6

• Ex1:Decision
• Ex2:Measurement (prone to errors and improvement)

Question 7

What are data features ?

Answer 7

data features are the individual pieces of information or characteristics that describe the data points

Question 8

Examples of data features

Answer 8

Ex1:Social Constructs and Socio-Political Perceptions
Ex2:Scientific Constructs and Abstractions (not always value-neutral)

Question 9

Is data objective? Is it Truth?

Answer 9

No, Since it depends highly on how it is collected

Question 10

We will now try to dig into where data comes from.

What is census data?

Answer 10

Census data is information recorded about the population of a country, state, city, or other well-defined geographical areas.

Question 11

What is census ?

Answer 11

Census: An official, usually periodic enumeration of a population, often including the collection of related demographic information

Question 12

what could be the motivation behind census ?

Answer 12

1. Collect data about the population to
   improve living conditions and resource repartition…
2. Colonial Motivation Track and Control aboriginal
   population (lack of information, no birth certificate, land or tax). Organize and Control Settlements

there can be two types of motivations

Question 13

What is open data ?

Answer 13

Open data is openly accessible,
exploitable, editable and shared by
anyone for any purpose. Open data is
licensed under an open license
* It is very valuable: Accountability,
Research, Businesses

Question 14

What are some of the challenges of open data?

Answer 14

It presents many challenges:
* Quality,
* Privacy,
* intellectual property (IP),
* Competition

Question 15

Which are two types of data jobs?

Answer 15

• Regular workers
• Ghost workers

Question 16

What are data workers ?

Answer 16

Data Work(ers) include:
* Data Scientist, Analyst or Engineer
* Data Architect
* Machine Learning Scientists or Engineer
* Business Intelligence Developer
* Database Administrator or Engineer

They are:
✓ Visible
✓ Usually well paid
✓ Protected by Labor Law

Question 17

What are ghost workers ?

Answer 17

Ghost Work(ers) collects (data entries), Cleans,
Corrects, labels, annotates, moderates
content…
Data offers new opportunities, but these aren’t always to the worker’s benfit as Ghost Work(ers):
– Are Invisible
– Can be Precious
– Are Prone to Abuses

Question 18

The question is on “Feminist Data Visualization” by D’Ignazio & Klein, 2

What are some “Responsible Data” Guiding Principles?

Answer 18

1. Rethink Binaries
2. Embrace Pluralism
3. Examine Power and Empower
4. Consider Context
5. Legitimize Embodiment and Affect
6. Make Labor Visible

Question 19

We are now discussing data framing

What is data visualisation ?

REMEMBER!
Truth Is In the Eye of the Beholder!

Answer 19

• Visualization is designed (you make choices)
• These choices set norms and perceptions that could be harmful
• Data and Visualizations Set Norms that are not value-neutral

Question 20

What are some principles of data visualisation

Answer 20

When dealing with data framing:
* Be aware Framing of visualizations when you make them and when you are exposed to them
* Making responsible, inclusive and accessible visualizations is possible!

Question 21

now back to data storytelling

what is data storytelling?

Answer 21

Data storytelling couples data visualization with compelling narratives that help audiences better comprehend and take action based on data analysis. While effective data visualization helps people grasp and remember key takeaways, data storytelling is essential for helping them understand why those takeaways matter.

Question 22

How to ensure takeaways matter to people?

Answer 22

You can ensure people feel involved in your storytelling by following a 3-act story structure.

Question 23

Is reasoning a good way of involving people ?

Answer 23

Reasoning alone may not “sell” your story because it often fails to convince the audience that
* a particular issue matters to them,
* certain conflicts or problems do, in fact,
exist
* they have options for resolving those conflicts or problems

Question 24

What is act 1 of storytelling ?

Answer 24

First Act - Staging
* It’s about setting, environment, and data context
* It’s the Focus of attention
* The imbalance is shown
* Desired balance is made clear
* Solution is presented

Question 25

What is act 2 of storytelling ?

Answer 25

Second Act - Cliffhanger
* Show what will happen if no action is taken.
* Describe several options for action along with their benefits.
* Explain the benefits if action is taken.
* Develop motivation for taking action.

Question 26

What is act 3 of storytelling ?

Answer 26

Final Act - Resolution
This act contains the lead up to the climax of the story, the climax, and the resolution.
* Lead up to the climax – This is where tensions rise to a breaking point.
* The Climax – The biggest hurdle for your character. Usually where any major plot twists happen and
the conflict the character has been facing gets turned on its head.
* The resolution – Time to tie up any loose ends. Any major questions in the story need to be answered by this point and leave the reader satisfied.