LECTURE 2

Question 1

What is the pulse width of NMES?

Answer 1

built in at 300 usec.

Question 2

What is the common ramp for NMES?

Answer 2

2 seconds

Question 3

What is the best frequency for tetany?

Answer 3

80 Hz

Question 4

What is a common “on” and “off” time

Answer 4

on 5-6 off-10-12

Question 5

What is the purpose of reciprocal?

Answer 5

Decrease the chance of accommodation, delay b/w channel one and two

Question 6

Why is it important to start on CO:

Answer 6

So you can feel the intensity go up

Question 7

What are three things that are unique about the order of recruitment with NMES?

Answer 7

synchronous, type 2 muscle fibers, large motor first

Question 8

Which muscle fibers are stimulated with NMES-

Answer 8

motor

Question 9

Will NMES work for a completely denervated muscle?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What are three common muscles used for NMES?

Answer 10

infraspinatus, tib.ant, fib.long, VMO.

Question 11

What does TENS stand for?

Answer 11

transcutaneous electrical nerve stim

Question 12

What is the octet rule?

Answer 12

In general, atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer-most shell. (Octet means 8.)

Question 13

Charge of cell at rest

Answer 13

At rest – negative inside and positive outside, Sodium higher concentrations outside the membrane

Question 14

Depolarization can cause

Answer 14

action potential, flip the polarity from –70mV to +35mV!

Question 15

Positive pole is the

Answer 15

anode

Question 16

Negative pole:

Answer 16

cathode

Question 17

Charge

Answer 17

is the number of free electrons flowing. Measured in coulombs

Question 18

Current (I)

Answer 18

How fast electrons flow. The ampere (A) is the unit measuring the rate of flow. Therapeutic current flow is measured in mA and uA Ampiers

Question 19

Voltage (V)

Answer 19

the electromotive force (EMF) produced by an electrical potential. Electron flow is from negative to positive: Vorce pushing electrons (large water tank=large flow)

Question 20

Resistance (R)

Answer 20

ease or difficulty of current moving through substances. All materials offer some resistance to current flow. Ohm is measure of resistance.

Question 21

Smaller electrodes permit ______ penetration- more likely to hit deep (_______ nerves)

Answer 21

deeper penetration- more likely to hit deep (motor nerves)

Question 22

Physiologic reactions to intensities follows the progression of:

Answer 22

sensation, muscle contraction, pain, fibrillation, defibrillation and burns