Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pain + Neuro Sean > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bottom up driver?

A

Peripheral driver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a top down driver?

A

Supraspinal driver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In acute injury, what is the main driver?

A

Peripheral driver - experience of pain is driven predominantly from nociception in peripheral tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In chronic injury, what is the main driver?

A

Most likely supraspinal (central) driver - link between pain and tissue damage is weaker
Any pain experienced less likely to have nociception as dominant driver. Pain mostly upregulated by central sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the peripheral driver mechanisms
(Location, quality, intensity, behaviour, duration, clinical signs)

A

Location: Precise
Quality: sharp, aching
Intensity: worse with movement
Behaviour: does not spread
Duration: eased quickly with rest
Clinical signs: associated with an injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the central driver mechanisms
(Location, quality, intensity, behaviour, duration, clinical signs)

A

Location: shifting and spreading
Quality: unusual
Intensity: severe or not affecting by movement
Behaviour: unpredictable
Duration: does not ease quickly with rest
Clinical signs: pain that is not associated with an obvious mechanical driver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 different sensory afferents?

A

A-beta fibres
A-delta fibres
C fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe A-beta fibres
(Diameter, myelination, conduction velocity, receptor activation thresholds, sensation on stimulation)

A

Diameter: large
Myelination: highly
Conduction Velocity: >40ms-1
Receptor Activation
Thresholds: Low
Sensation on stimulation: Light touch, non-noxious, rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe A-delta fibres
(Diameter, myelination, conduction velocity, receptor activation thresholds, sensation on stimulation)

A

Diameter: Small 2-5um
Myelination: Thinly
Conduction Velocity: 5-15ms-1
Receptor Activation
Thresholds: High and Low
Sensation on stimulation: Localised nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe C fibres
(Diameter, myelination, conduction velocity, receptor activation thresholds, sensation on stimulation)

A

Diameter: Smallest <2um
Myelination: Unmyelinated
Conduction Velocity:< 2ms-1
Receptor Activation
Thresholds: High
Sensation on stimulation: Slow, diffuse, dull nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HTMR

A

Free nerve ending
Epidermis/dermis
Noxious mechanical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LTMR

A

Pacinian corpuscle
Deep dermis
Vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which Lamina do Alpha-Beta fibres synapse on?

A

Lamina 3, 4, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which Lamina do Alpha-Delta fibres synapse on?

A

Lamina 1, 2 and 5
(1 through 5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which lamina do C fibres synapse on?

A

Lamina 1, 2 and 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do nociceptors go?

A

I and II dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do mechanoreceptors go?

A

III and IV

18
Q

Where do proprioceptors go

A

V

19
Q

What is nociception?

A

detection, transmission and processing of noxious stimuli

20
Q

3 forms of energy for nociception

A

thermal, chemical or mechanical

21
Q

Where is dorsal horn?

A

back of spinal cord

22
Q

What neurotransmitters are released at the 2nd order neuron

A

Glutamate, Substance P, Calcitonin

23
Q

2nd order neuron goes to brain via which tract

A

spinothalamic (thalamus)

24
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex

A

area in outer part of brain which is associated with touch

25
Q

Bigger areas in somatosensory cortex feel…

A

more sensation

26
Q

What is the third order neuron in the thalamus responsible for

A

location and discrimination of pain. locates pain to be within certain area of somatosensory cortex

27
Q

What happens at the dorsal horn?

A

area of spinal cord where primary afferent fibres synapse with second order neurons

28
Q

What does the premotor/motor cortex do?

A

organise and prepare movements

29
Q

What does the cingulate cortex do?

A

concentration

30
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

A

problem solving, memory

31
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

fear, fear conditioning, addiction

32
Q

What does the sensory cortex do?

A

sensory discrimination

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus/thalamus do?

A

stress response, autonomic regulation, motivation

34
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

movement and cognition

35
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

memory, spatial cognition, fear conditioning

36
Q

What does the spinal cord do?

A

gating from periphery

37
Q

What is the Amygdala’s relationship for descending pain modulation

A

modulates pain perception through direct connections with the descending pain inhibitory system

38
Q

Describe Descending pain modulation

A

Periaqueductal Gray in midbrain –> rostral ventral medulla –> endogenous opiate system –> pain suppressed

39
Q

What is the homunculus

A

a map along the cerebral cortex of where each part of the body is processed

40
Q

Explain the process of nociception simply?

A
  • Noxious stimuli occurs
  • chemicals released by immune cells stimulate nociceptors
  • nociceptors propagate information to dorsal horn (back of spine)
  • nociceptors release neurotransmitters (glutamate, substance P, calcitonin) to second order neuron at dorsal horn
  • information travels to thalamus via spinothalamic tract.
  • 3rd order neuron locates pain to be within certain area of somatosensory cortex

Pain + Neuro Sean (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions