Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is pain?
An uncomfortable sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
What is Rene Descartes’ model of pain?
Gate between brain and rest of nervous system
Pain message was transmitted via hollow tubes to the brain
Wheat were the issues with Rene Descartes’ model of pain?
Dualism (mind separate from body)
Assumption that pain is a sensation
What theory did Melzack and Wall make?
Gate Control Theory of Pain
What is the Gate Control Theory of Pain
The transmission of nerve impulses from afferent fibres to spinal cord transmission (T) cells is modulated by a gating mechanism in the spinal dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa)
Gate open - signal passes through and brain perceives pain
Gate closed - signal restricted and brain doesn’t perceive pain
In gate control theory of pain where is the gating mechanism modulated?
spinal dorsal horn - substantia gelatinosa
In gate control theory of pain which sized fibres inhibit transmission (close the gate)
Large fibres
In gate control theory of pain which sized fibres facilitate transmission (open the gate)
Small fibres
Who made the Mature Organism Model theory?
Louis Gifford
What is the Mature organism model theory
Pain = single perception component with prime adaptive purpose of powerfully motivating organisms to alter behaviour
Organisms as survival machines:
○ Sample the immediate environment, and self
○ Assess or scrutinise the information (CNS = stress response coordination centre)
○ React in accordance (output), i.e., in behaviours and physiological processes.
○ Matures…with experience
What is the neuromatrix model
Pain is multidimensional experience
Produced by neurosignature patterns of activity in the brain
Neurosignature patterns triggered by sensory input or can activate independently
Neuromatrix produces pain
What is the fear avoidance model?
A person suffering from pain will undergo one of two different pathways
A cycle is initiated if the pain is misinterpreted in a catastrophising manner
Leads on to pain related fear and associated safety seeking behaviours - avoidance
Who made biopsychosocial model?
Engel
What is biopsychosocial model?
Pain is a multidimensional, dynamic integration among physiological, psychological and social factors that influence each other
What is the predictive processing model?
Views pain as a perception, not a sensation
Perception is conceptualised as an inferential process (guesswork) in which prior information is used to generate expectations (predictive behaviour) about the future perception to interpret sensory input
