Lecture 2 Flashcards
Philosophia
The Love of wisdom
Earliest philosophers used the word philosphy to mean?
The academic study of anything
What has philosphy become now
came to be understood as a way of thinking about questions
Branches of Philosophy
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Value Theory
What is Metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, identity, time, and space.
Meta
Beyond/after
Physika
Physical/nature
Metaphysics
Study of things beyond the physical.
Basic Metaphysic questions?
“What is the meaning of life?”
“Is there life after death?”
“What is the world like?”
“What is the origin of the world?”
“What is the nature of reality?”
“What’s is being?”
“Is the universe infinite?”
“Does the composition of the world solely consist of matter and energy, or are there additional factors or phenomena at play?”
What is the effort of Metaphysics?
An effort to understand the fundamental nature of reality, of the world, of the universe and of being.
What is a thought process discussed in this class called?
The Ship of Theseus
The Ship of Theseus
A thought process
What is the The Ship of Theseus origin
According to Greek mythology, Theseus returned to Athens after defeating the Minotaur aboard his ship.
As a token of gratitude for his victory, the Athenians preserved the ship for centuries, showcasing it as a symbol of heroism and triumph.
The ship served as a reminder of Theseus’s epic journey and his contributions to the city-state.
The Ship of Theseus – Paradox
However, over time, a paradox arose concerning the ship’s identity.
As the ship aged and parts began to decay, Athenians faced a practical dilemma: How should they preserve the Ship of Theseus?
To maintain its appearance and structural integrity, decaying parts were systematically replaced with new ones.
This gradual process of replacement gave rise to the Ship of Theseus paradox.
At what point does the ship cease to be the Ship of Theseus and become something else?
Does the replacement of each individual part alter the identity of the ship?
How do we define the persistence of identity in the face of continuous change?
Line of logic
seeing your fallacys
Are human beings merely complex machines? Or is there something immaterial involved, such as a vital life force?
1. “Do you intuitively lean towards the idea that the humans are purely physical?”
2. “Or do you find yourself more inclined to believe in an immaterial aspect, like a soul, that interacts with the body?”
This question delves into the philosophical concept of materialism, which posits that humans are purely physical beings without any immaterial aspect such as a soul. It challenges one’s intuition regarding the nature of human existence, whether it is solely determined by physical processes or if there is more to it than meets the eye.
This question explores the idea of dualism, which suggests that humans possess both physical and immaterial aspects, such as a soul or consciousness, which interact with the body. It prompts individuals to consider whether there is something beyond the physical realm that influences human existence and consciousness.
Epistemology
The branch of philosophy dealing with the methods, limits and validity of knowledge
Study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief
Episteme
knowledge
Logos
study
Basic questions in epistemology
- “What is knowledge?”
- “What do we know?”
- “How is knowledge acquired?”
- “What is the best way to find truth?”
- “Is the world really what I think it is?”
Archimedes’ Displacement Principle
Explores how the displacement of water can be used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects.
Procedure
* Step 1: Submerging the Object:
* Immerse the irregular object in a container of water.
* Step 2: Water Displacement:
* The volume of water displaced is equal to the volume of the irregular object.
Empiricism
Knowledge derived from sensory experience and observation.
Rationalism
Knowledge derived from reason, logic, and introspection.
What if we dropped a 10c coin into the middle of a lake?
Would that cause the lake to rise? “As the coin enters the lake, it displaces an amount of water equal to its volume, causing the water level to rise.”What If We Can’t See It
If a statement holds true in principle, its truth remains valid, even in instances where direct observation or verification is not possible.
What about a Chiropractic Adjustment? Is there benefit to having subluxations corrected even if there is no observable change?
If a statement holds true in principle, its truth remains valid, even in instances where direct observation or verification is not possible.
Chiropractic adjustments aim to correct subluxations, promoting optimal spinal movement and reducing nerve interference. Challenges in directly observing the effects do not negate the inherent benefit of addressing subluxations. The principle remains true.
What is value theory?
Helps frame your thinking around what you do. How you should act, and what should you attach meaning to.
Two branches
* Ethics
* Aesthetics. - what makes life beauty
Ethics
- Ethos - custom or habit
- Morality of human actions
How should I act to realise the greater good?
Acting for the greater good entails making decisions and taking actions that prioritize the well-being and welfare of the broader community or society over individual interests or gains. It involves considering the long-term consequences and aiming to maximize benefits for the greatest number of people.
To realize the greater good, individuals can engage in actions such as practicing empathy and compassion towards others, promoting social justice and equality, supporting sustainable and ethical practices, volunteering or participating in community service, advocating for positive change, and making decisions that consider the impact on future generations and the environment. It involves acting with integrity, responsibility, and a sense of duty towards creating a better world for all.
Is there any reason that i should treat strangers differently than people i love?
Treating strangers differently from people you love may stem from various factors, including social norms, cultural expectations, and personal boundaries. However, it’s essential to consider treating all individuals with respect, kindness, and empathy, regardless of familiarity or emotional connection.
Different Levels of Intimacy: Treating strangers differently than loved ones can arise from the varying levels of intimacy and familiarity present in different relationships.
Boundaries and Trust: While you may have established trust and deeper connections with loved ones, interacting with strangers may require maintaining certain boundaries for personal safety and security.
Social Expectations: Social norms and cultural customs may dictate different modes of behavior and interaction based on the degree of familiarity or relationship with others.
Emotional Investment: Your emotional investment in loved ones may influence your actions and decisions differently compared to interactions with strangers, where emotional connections may be absent or less pronounced.
Do I owe anything to myself? What about animals? Or the earth?
Recognizing self-care and personal growth as essential, acknowledging that you owe yourself compassion, respect, and opportunities for growth and fulfillment. Prioritizing your physical, emotional, and mental well-being can lead to a more balanced and fulfilling life.
Humans have responsibilities to animals and the earth, including:
Ethical Treatment: Treating animals with compassion and respect, avoiding unnecessary harm or exploitation.
Environmental Stewardship: Taking actions to preserve and protect the earth’s ecosystems, minimizing pollution, conserving resources, and combating climate change.
Biodiversity Conservation: Protecting endangered species and preserving biodiversity for the health of ecosystems and future generations.
Sustainable Practices: Adopting sustainable practices in agriculture, industry, and everyday life to minimize environmental impact and promote long-term sustainability.
If I do have any of these obligations, where do they come from? Who says?
The Trolley Problem
Theres becomes a personal responsibilty if you do take action.
Utilitarianism
maximizing overall happiness
Deontology
following moral rules
Aesthetics
the study of beauty and art.
aisthetikos
relating to perception by the senses
Describe Aethetics
For philosophers the pursuit of aesthetics involves considering what beauty is, and whether it even exists.
* Aesthetics is a part of value theory because beauty and art, are things we value, and evaluate.
Logic
Study of the principles and criteria of a
valid argument.
Logos
Science of correct thinking.
Describe Logic
- Aims to distinguish sound or good reasoning from unsound or bad reasoning
Helps us find answers
* Most often said to be the study of
arguments or correct reasoning.
* Induction and Deduction
Basic questions in Logic
What is correct reasoning?
* What distinguishes a good
argument for a bad one?
* How can we detect a fallacy in argument?
* What are the criteria in determining the validity of an argument?
Types of Logic
Deductive reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Three things distinguish the learned profession of law, theology and healing from all other trades and occupations
- Responsibility
2.Intimate Relationship
3.Separate and distinct objectives
What is an objective?
clear, concise declarative statement that directs action toward a specific goal.
Medical Objective
To cure disease (by any means)
Acupuncture Objective
Removing the blockages that impede the free passage of qi energy
Chiropractic Objective (NB)
LACVS
To Locate, Analyse and Correct Vertebral Subluxations
What makes Chiropractic separate from non- Chiropractic?
The objective not the technique.
Chiropractic’s Objective (3)
1.To treat all diseases and conditions (1st paradigm)
2.To treat some diseases/conditions (2nd paradigm)
3.To allow their bodies to work at maximum efficiency (3rd paradigm)
Chiropractic’s Objective - 1st paradigm
To treat all diseases and conditions
Chiropractic’s Objective - 2nd paradigm
To treat some diseases/conditions
Chiropractic’s Objective - 3rd paradigm
To allow their bodies to work at maximum efficiency
Why is it important for Chiropractic objective to be distinct?
It is necessary for chiropractors to be clear about their objective so that the profession is kept distinct
Define Technique
a way of carrying out a particular task, especially the execution or performance of an artistic work or a scientific procedure.”
Basic physical movements are used (e.g.adancer).
It’s how to accomplish your mission.
It Does not define the profession.
What are Medical Techniques?
Medical Techniques are any methods employed to achieve medical objectives, including stimulating or inhibiting processes through chemical, electrical, or psychological means.
Give an example of a Chiropractic Technique.
s manually or instrumentally pushing on vertebrae to achieve a chiropractic objective.
How do objectives relate to techniques in the medical field?
Objectives determine the appropriate technique to use in the medical field. Techniques are selected based on the desired medical outcome.
What is the role of techniques in chiropractic care?
Techniques in chiropractic care are utilized to serve specific chiropractic objectives, such as adjusting the alignment of the spine or relieving pressure on ner
What is the definition of “Adjustment” in chiropractic terminology?
An Adjustment in chiropractic refers to the optimal correction of subluxation made by the Innate Intelligence inherent within the patient’s own body. It aims to bring the body into right relationship and remove interference at the vertebral/neural level to allow the body’s intelligence to express itself fully.
How is “Manipulation” defined in chiropractic terminology?
Manipulation in chiropractic terminology refers to the application of gross, non-specific force to alleviate symptoms, increase mobility, and enable a joint to go through a greater range of motion than it presently can.
What is the distinction between a “Patient,” a “Practice member,” and a “Client” in chiropractic language?
A “Patient” typically refers to a person receiving or registered to receive medical treatment.
A “Practice member” is someone who sees a chiropractor to be checked for vertebral subluxation, emphasizing a relational approach rather than merely receiving treatment.
The term “Client” may also be used, though less commonly, to denote individuals seeking chiropractic services
Differentiate between “Chiropractic care” and “Treatment” in chiropractic terminology.
Chiropractic care” refers to the holistic approach of addressing health and wellness through adjustments, focusing on the body’s innate ability to heal.
“Treatment” typically implies addressing symptoms or diseases, often associated with a medical approach rather than a wellness-centered one.
What is the significance of using the term “Practice Member” instead of “Patient” in chiropractic offices?
Using “Practice Member” implies a relational approach and suggests an ongoing partnership in achieving wellness, contrasting with the temporary and symptomatic connotations often associated with the term “Patient.”
Define “Vitalistic” and “Mechanistic” in chiropractic terminology.
Vitalistic” pertains to the belief in the body’s innate ability to heal and regulate itself, emphasizing the importance of maintaining proper nervous system function.
“Mechanistic” refers to a more mechanized view of the body, focusing on treating symptoms and dysfunctions without necessarily considering the body’s innate healing capacity.
What is the difference between “Analysis” and “Diagnosis” in chiropractic terminology?
Analysis” refers to the process of evaluating the spine and nervous system to identify vertebral subluxations and assess overall health and function.
“Diagnosis” typically refers to identifying specific diseases or conditions based on signs, symptoms, and diagnostic tests, often associated with a medical approach.
How do “Adaptation” and “Chiropractor” differ in chiropractic language?
Adaptation” refers to the body’s ability to respond and adjust to internal and external stressors to maintain balance and health.
“Chiropractor” specifically denotes a healthcare professional trained in chiropractic care, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral subluxations.
What is the distinction between “Office,” “Clinic,” and “Practice” in chiropractic terminology?
Office” typically refers to the physical location where chiropractic services are provided.
“Clinic” may also refer to a chiropractic facility but often implies a larger or more comprehensive healthcare setting.
“Practice” encompasses the entire chiropractic business or service, including the professionals, staff, philosophy, and patient/member/client relationships.
Differentiate between “Neuromusculoskeletal” and “Musculoskeletal” in chiropractic terminology.
Neuromusculoskeletal” refers to the interconnected system of nerves, muscles, and bones, recognizing the crucial role of the nervous system in overall health and function.
“Musculoskeletal” typically refers to the musculoskeletal system, focusing primarily on muscles and bones without necessarily emphasizing the role of the nervous system.
Explain the difference between “Health” and “Sickness” in chiropractic language.
Health” refers to a state of optimal physical, mental, and social well-being, emphasizing proactive measures to maintain and enhance overall wellness.
“Sickness” refers to the presence of disease or symptoms, often indicating a state of imbalance or dysfunction within the body.
What does it mean to “Get checked” versus “Get adjusted” in chiropractic terminology?
Getting checked” refers to the process of undergoing chiropractic analysis to assess spinal health and detect vertebral subluxations, emphasizing preventive care and early intervention.
“Getting adjusted” refers to receiving chiropractic adjustments aimed at correcting vertebral subluxations and restoring proper nervous system function, typically following a thorough analysis.
