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69:253 Fundamentals III > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

condition or circumstance for which drug has been approved
A particular drug may have multiple indications

A

Indication

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2
Q

the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration

A

Off-label indication

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3
Q

Condition that renders treatment improper or undesirable

A

Contraindication

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4
Q

a representative drug from a class that is used as a point of comparison for related versions of that drug
Learning one drug can allow nurse to extend knowledge to other similar drugs within that class

A

Prototype Drug

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5
Q

Rate/extent to which active ingredient is absorbed from the drug and then becomes available at site of drug action

A

Bioavailability

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6
Q

Means by which a drug carries out a therapeutic effect

A

Mechanism of Action

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7
Q

Describes the mechanism by which the therapeutic effect is achieved
Examples: beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers

A

Pharmacological Classification

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7
Q

Describes condition for which drug is being given
Examples: antibiotics, antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticoagulants

A

Therapeutic Classification

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7
Q

Inhibiting blood clotting

A

Anticoagulants

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8
Q

Lowering blood cholesterol

A

Antihyperlipidemics

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9
Q

Lowering blood pressure

A

Antihypertensives

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10
Q

Restoring normal cardiac rhythm

A

Antidysrhythmics

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11
Q

Treating angina

A

Antianginals

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12
Q

Lowering plasma volume

A

Diuretic

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13
Q

Blocking heart calcium channels

A

Calcium channel blocker

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14
Q

Blocking hormonal activity

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

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15
Q

Blocking stress-related activity

A

Andrenergic antagonist

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16
Q

Dialating peripheral blood vessls

A

Vasodilator

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17
Q

A drug has only one chemical name
IUPAC
7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one”  “diazepam”
NaCl

A

Chemical names

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18
Q

(International Non-Proprietary Name) lower case and most commonly used by HCPs

A

Generic names

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19
Q

(proprietary or brand name) Often the original patented name is best known (20 years of exclusive use).

A

Trade names

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20
Q

drugs with more than one active generic ingredient
New trade name.
Look “active ingredients” list the generic drug names in the product.

A

Combination drugs

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21
Q

Advil, ibuprofen.

A

Labelling

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22
Q

By prescription only and provided by a pharmacist, includes:
All prescription drugs
Schedule F: “Pr”
Controlled drugs (Part G)
Narcotic Drugs

A

Schedule I

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23
Q

Dispensed by pharmacist, no public access

A

Schedule II

24
Q

Available at the pharmacy, but OTC

A

Schedule III

25
Q

Available in any store

A

Unscheduled

26
Q

carried out until the prescriber cancels it by writing a new order or until a prescribed number of days have elapsed

A

Routine

27
Q

given when the patient requires it

A

PRN (“as-needed”)

28
Q

given one time only for a specific reason at a specific time (e.g., before surgery)

A

Single (one-time, x1)

29
Q

written in advance for specific conditions

A

Standing Orders

30
Q

STAT: given immediately in an emergency

A
31
Q

med is needed quickly but not stat

A

NOW

32
Q

varies by agency, like a ‘forced review’

A

Automatic Stop

33
Q

to be taken outside the hospital

A

Prescriptions

34
Q

Sublingual, buccal, feeding tubes, by mouth (liquid, solid, crushed)

A

Enteral

35
Q

(no first-pass effect)
Intradermal (ID), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), epideral
Intrathecal, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intra-arterial

A

Parenteral

36
Q

Lotions, creams
Transdermal patches
Optic
Otic (ear)
Inhaled
Vaginal
Rectal

A

Topical

37
Q

Incident report + med errors need to be disclosed to ________: important

A

patients or family members

38
Q

RCA stands for

A

Root Cause Analysis

39
Q

Potential for significant harm should error happen
Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions (KCl)
Heparin
Insulin
Morphine
Neuromuscular medications (paralyzing agents)
Chemotherapy medications

A

High alert medications

40
Q

Need a two nurse check

A

High alert medications

41
Q

$$$
Not covered by insurance
Complicated dosing regimens, with or without polypharmacy issues
Adverse / side effects that impact lifestyle choices
Headaches and dizziness
GI effects
impotence

A

Factors affecting adherence

42
Q

The right medication
The right dose
The right patient
The right route
The right time and frequency
The right documentation
The right reason
The right to refuse
The right patient education
The right evaluation

A

10 Rights

43
Q

Capsule: particles/powder in gelatin shell
Tablet: powder compressed into caplet
Enteric-Coated tablet: coated tablet, dissolves in intestine
Pill: any solid medication
Sustained Release: tablet or capsule, contains small particles
Lozenge: flat, dissolves in the mouth

A

Solid Forms (Oral)

44
Q

Elixir: meds, water, alcohol, clear
Extract: Syrup or dried; evaporated
Oral Solution: Medication dissolved in water
Oral Suspension: Fine particles dispersed in liquid, settle to bottom
Syrup: Med dissolved in [ ] sugar; shake well!
Aerosol: spray; absorbed in mouth/upper airway

A

Liquid Forms

45
Q

Infection Prevention and Control
Swallowing Safety
Assess for dysphasia
Assess LOC
Patient positioning
Special Assessments
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Crush pills safely

A

Oral administration

46
Q

Medication administered under the tongue

A

Sublingual

47
Q

medicine given between the gums and the inner lining of the mouth cheek

A

buccal

48
Q

Wear gloves if you are placing the tablet into the mouth
Patient instructions: dissolve completely, do not swallow tablet or saliva
Not taken with fluids
Buccal: Alternate sides
Give after other oral meds are swallowed
Document on MAR
Monitor for therapeutic response and adverse reactions

A

Sublingual & Buccal

49
Q

Container that cannot be reused, and is developed to hold a drug quantity intended for single-dose administration

A

Unit Dose Container

50
Q

If a fluid is concave in the measure device measure the _______ of the curve

A

bottom

51
Q

If the fluid is convex in the measuring device, measure at the ______ of the curve

A

top

52
Q

Stay with patient until med is swallowed. If you are unsure:

A

ask patient to open mouth and inspect

53
Q

Always wear gloves
Gastric Residual volume
Positioning
Compatibility with feed
Compatibility of medication with crushing
Technique: clamping, pinching!

A

Enteral medication administration

54
Q

NG tubes may be placed for different reasons:
Food/meds
Gastric Decompression (double lumen)
Medications administered by enteral tubes should be liquid, but oral medication tablets may be administered if crushed or dissolved first.

A

Meds through a feeding tube

55
Q

Take barrel (plunger) out while syringe is attached to patient and pour meds in one-by-one

A

Gravity

56
Q

vacuum up your prepared med into the syringe then connect to the patient and push on the plunger to administer (Do not force)

A

Syringe

57
Q

document in nurses’ notes and EHR the method used to check placement of enteral tube, GRV, and pH of stomach aspirate

A

For enteral

58
Q

Document __________ that each medication was administered on MAR immediately after administration, NOT BEFORE. Include initials or signature

A

actual time

59
Q
  1. Assess patient’s sensory functions, including sight, hearing, touch, and physical coordination.
  2. Patients often receive more than one oral medication at a time.
  3. Always assess for medication allergies.
  4. Evaluate whether patient can take medication with food.
  5. For all medications administered, review the prescription for patient’s name and medication, dosage, route, and time of administration.
  6. For all medications, use the correct equipment for administering the medication.
  7. For all medications administered, gather information pertinent to the medication(s) prescribed, including purpose, normal dosage and route, common side effects, time of onset and peak, contraindications, and nursing implications.
  8. Determine whether medications require any specific nursing actions before administration.
  9. If patients are mentally and physically able, prepare them for discharge by instructing them in self-administration techniques.
  10. Check the expiration date for all medications.
A

Safety Guidelines

69:253 Fundamentals III (7 decks)

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