Final Flashcards
PICC
Peripherally inserted central catheter
CVAD
Central venous access devices
PIVC
Peripheral intravenous catheter
CLASBI
Local or systemic
Local: around insertion site
Systemic: bloodstream
Central Line “Bundle”
Individual skills grouped together
Hand hygiene prior to catheter insertion
Maximal sterile barrier precautions with insertion (inserter wears a cap, mask, sterile gloves and gown, and a large sterile drape is placed over patient during insertion)
Chlorhexidine skin antisepsis
Optimal catheter site selection, with avoidance of the femoral vein for central venous access in adult patients
Daily review of the line necessity with prompt removal of unnecessary lines
Central Line Complication Prevention
Pneumothorax
Air embolus
Cardiac Tamponade – Beck’s triad
Pleural Effusion (Hydrothorax, Hemothorax)
Nerve Injury, skin breakdown
Catheter occlusion – how do we know?
Infiltration – how are the s/d different than PIVC infiltration?
Arterial puncture
Phlebitis
Venous thrombosis
Catheter Malposition- what are s/s it is not where it should be?
Central Line Complications
occurs when bacteria or other germs enter the patient’s central line and then enter into their bloodstream. These infections are serious but can often be successfully treated.
Can be local or systemic.
Central line bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
due to inadvertent puncture of the lung at the time of inserting a needle into a large vein
The needle in the CVC placed in the neck or chest can go through the vein or miss the vein and could pierce the lung, causing the lung to collapse.
Pneumothorax
occurs when air or gas is admitted into the vascular system
Air embolus
a collection of three medical signs associated with acute cardiac tamponade, a medical emergency when excessive fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac around the heart and impairs its ability to pump blood. The signs are low arterial blood pressure, distended neck veins, and distant, muffled heart sounds.
Cardiac Tamponade – Beck’s triad
Various kinds of fluid can accumulate in the pleural space, such as serous fluid (hydrothorax), blood (hemothorax), pus (pyothorax, more commonly known as pleural empyema), chyle (chylothorax), or very rarely urine (urinothorax).
Pleural Effusion (Hydrothorax, Hemothorax)
the most common noninfectious complication associated with long-term venous access.
Symptoms of a catheter-related venous thrombosis may consist of neck vein distension, edema, tingling, or pain over the ipsilateral arm and neck, and a prominent venous pattern over the anterior chest.
Catheter occlusion – how do we know?
the leakage of intravenous (IV) fluids or medications into surrounding areas.
Infiltration – how are the s/d different than PIVC infiltration?
when a needle is inserted into an artery rather than a vein.
Arterial puncture
Inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis
a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein
Venous thrombosis
