Lecture 2 Flashcards
Sagittal
flexion/extension
Frontal
abduction/adduction
Transverse
rotation
Kinematics
“displacement” or the motion of a segment without regard to forces
Degree of Freedom
the number of planes a joint can move across
Linear (Translational)
moving in one direction
- same distance, same direction, same time
Angular (Rotary)
motion around a central point (Axis)
Anatomical degree position
zero
Osteokinematics
the displacement of bones
- Rotary movement
Arthrokinematics
motion of joints
-thinking of loose pack & close pack positions
Loose pack
joint usually mid-range, near resting position
- Joint is least restraint to passive sliding
Close pack
joint at end ROM
-Joint has the greatest stability & most resistance to distraction
Concave surface
gliding in the same direction
ex: tibiofemoral flexion
Convex surface
gliding in the opposite direction
ex: shoulder abduction
Closed chain
Motion creates movement in one or more joints
- both segments are fixed = THINK OF Ground Reaction Forces
Open chain
motion can occur at one joint without causing movement in the another
- one segment is freely moving
Stress
load or force
Strain
“Displacement” amount of give (flex, bend, lengthening, deformation)
*DEFORMATION under load
Living tissues response to stress
Cardiovascular system
Neurological system= can decrease quickly
Skeletal Muscle
Integument
1) Loss of connective tissue strength
2) Loss of proteoglycans
3) Irregular pattern of collagen cross linking
Ligaments response to stress
at 6-9wks of immobilization we can see a 50% decrease in strength
Tendons response to stress
Inactivity= loss of collagen & loss of vascularity “blood flow”
* Blood is needed for regeneration & healing
Bone response to stress
a change in strength occurs based upon the quantity of mass present
*Osteoporosis=possible ailment
Cartilage response to stress
-undergoes pressure necrosis when immobilized
Stress- strain curve
the more load= the more tissue can deform
