Lecture 1 Flashcards
Types of Articulations “Joint” `
1) Fibrous: Fontanales
- Think between skull
2) Cartilaginous: Intervertebral discs
- Allow motion & stabilization of spine
3) Synovial
- Vast majority of our joints
4 Types of body tissue
1) Thelial tissue
ex: Epidermis covering
2) Nerve
ex: conducts electricity
3) Muscle
ex: contractile tissue “the heart”
4) Connective
- has extracellular components of the MATRIX “ground substance”
5 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
*Blood
*Fat
*Bone
*Cartilage
*Ordinary
Ordinary tissue includes
-dense & loose
-regular & irregular
- ligaments & tendons
-fascia & neural coverings
3 Basic Components of ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1) The cells
- blasts & cytes
2) Matrix “ground substance”
- Proteoglycans + Water
3) Fibers
- Collagen & Elastin
Proteoglycans
Resist compression
- Water protein (with lots of sugars attached)
- sucks in Water
- Creates a highly negative domain
Collagen
*Triple helix of polypeptide chain
*Resists Lengthening
–> Stiff & has resistance to tensile forces, mild excitability
*Has 2 TYPES
Type 1= Most common
Found in: tendons, ligaments, fascia, joint capsule & bone
Type 2=
Found in: Cartilage & intervertebral discs
“collagen remodeling is like building a brick wall”
Elastin
*Single strand protein
*Rebounds more than collagen
Properties of Connective tissue
Fibers: collagen & elastin = Resist tension
Proteoglycans= Resist compression
What makes up a joint
*Bone
*Joint Capsule
*Synovium
*Muscle & Tendons
*Bursas
*Vascular & Nerve tissue
*Fascia
Bone
- needs to resist stress in all directions
- contains inorganic salts
Synovium
-lubricates joints to produce movement
- lowers the coefficient of friction
Muscles & Tendons
1st job= Statically to stabilize isometric contractions
2nd job= Dynamically to move, concentric & eccentric contractions
Bursas
fluid filled sacs, reducing friction when moving through planes
Vascular & Nerve Tissue
Efferents: Joints
- from brain out to be executed
Afferents: Tendons & Ligaments
- feedback from sensation
