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SOWK 200 Midterm > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three areas of political tension?

A

values, ideologies, beliefs

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2
Q

Who is involved with/has a voice in debates on social policy? (4 things)

A

govt (huge voice)
academics (some voice)
social welfare organizations (less voice)
Public policy agencies/think tanks

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3
Q

What is the title given to the conservative party? What is their main value?

A

right-wing
individualism, right to make decisions for yourself

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4
Q

What is the title given to the Liberal party? What is their main value?

A

centrism

in between individualism and collectivism

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5
Q

What is the title given to the Social Democratic party? What is their main value?

A

left wing
collectivism

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6
Q

What is the main value of the green party?

A

collectivism via the environment (fear of climate change)

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7
Q

What is the title given to the bloc quebecois party? What is their main value?

A

varies according to best interest of quebec

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8
Q

Who is the current leader of the Conservative Party? What is the conservative political ideology approach? (4 points) Which part is typically associated with conservative ideology? What are the 3 core values?

A
  • each person knows best what he or she wants so each individual should have the opportunity to pursue self-interests
  • role of govt should be limited including level of interference in the free market economy
  • social welfare can create an excessive dependency on govt. (we should help people having a hard time but not too much or else they’ll become lazy, give with a small hand temporarily)
  • If social welfare provided, best through private system

conservative party of canada.

freedom, individualism, inevitability of inequality (“life is not fair”)

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9
Q

Who is the current leader of the Liberal Party? What is the Liberal political ideology approach? (3 points) Which party is typically associated with liberal ideology? What are the 5 core values?

A

Justin Trudeau

  • endorse BOTH free market AND some regulation of the market by govt
  • some social justice for the poor - govt should provide a reasonable amount of income security benefits
  • social insurance concept - minimize risk means everyone pays so that you benefit if needed (EI)

Liberal Party of Canada

core values: liberty, pragmatism (do what needs to be done), individualism, inevitability or inequality, humanism

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10
Q

Who is the current leader of the Social Democratic/New Democratic Party? What is the social democratic/ new democratic political ideology approach? (7 points) Which party is typically associated with new democratic/social democratic ideology? What are the 5 core values?

A

Jagmeet singh

  • middle ground between liberal ideology and full fledged socialism
  • strong support for public social welfare programs
  • social inequality wastes human ability
  • everyone has an equal claim to the wealth of society
  • no one has claim to immense wealth/belief in common good
  • markets should be regulated by govt

New Democratic Party of Canada (NDP)

Core values: social equality, social justice, economic freedom, fellowship, cooperation

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11
Q

Which political party is most likely to be aligned with the ideals of social work? why might this be?

A

NDP because one of their core values is social justice which is very important to social work.

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12
Q

What are the 6 phases of social welfare? include the name of the phase and the approximate date range.

A

Phase 1: The colonial Period (1600-1867)

Phase 2: The Industrialized Period (1868-1940)

Phase 3: The Welfare State Period (1941-1974)

Phase 4: The Rise of Neoliberalism (1975-2005)

Phase 5: Retrenchment and Recovery (2006-2019)

Phase 6: Covid times to Post Covid Times

Now- in flux?

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13
Q

When looking at the 6 phases of social welfare in Canada what is an important thing to note about before the arrival of europeans? (4 things, 3 grouped listed points)

A

for 13,000 years or more before the arrival of the Europeans, Indigenous People had:
- mechanisms to share wealth
- collective responsibility for the vulnerable
- on the whole, an egalitarian period.

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14
Q

What were 3 important general characteristics of the Colonial Period (1600-1867)? What was their welfare system like? the thinking behind welfare? Where did the values come from?

A
  • local and limited relief for the poor
  • aversion to taxes
  • gradual imposition of a reserve system on Indigenous Peoples
  • social welfare as a private service (starts with family then church/charities , minimal role of govt
  • values from France and England. belief if anyone couldn’t work it should be families or charities that help them. Government is not responsible for people who can’t take care of themselves.
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15
Q

What is the key law from the Phase 1: the colonial period (1600-1867)? Where did it come from? How did it value people? How did it view the responsibility of welfare? Who did the state help?

A

Elizabethan poor laws

  • imported from Britain to Canada
  • Values around worthiness of state aid (deserving poor vs undeserving poor)
  • families were responsible for family members who could not work
  • the state only helped the deserving poor who had no blood relations
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16
Q

How were people who weren’t working classified under the Elizabethan Poor Laws? Is this idea still present in Today’s society?

A

divided into the ‘deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’ . The state only helped the ‘deserving’ poor.

today is still influenced by these ideas.

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17
Q

Who was classified as the ‘deserving poor’ under elizabethan poor laws? What would their assistance look like? What does this title and criteria ensure? What is the goal of this title? Even if someone qualified for this title what was the preference?

A
  • unable to work OR fit to work AND willing to take any job
  • worthy of limited state assistance
  • assistance should be LOWER than the lowest wages of the day
  • ensures that those who work are terrified to lose their jobs with unbearable conditions
  • goal is to stigmatize state assistance
  • preference is they are taken care of by family members
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18
Q

Who was classified as the ‘undeserving poor’ under elizabethan poor laws? What would their assistance look like? What does this title and criteria ensure? What is the goal of this title? How were people with this title viewed? What person typically fell under this title?

A
  • deemed able to work but not employed
  • not worthy of any assistance, placed in HOUSES OF CORRECTION (basically prisons where they worked for the govt which changed their ‘laziness’ and attitude - (punitive)
  • goal to change attitudes of laziness, viewed with suspicion and contempt.
  • most of the time it was adult men sitting in the streets who were not working, not producing etc.
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19
Q

Why did people think people became poor in the Colonial Period (Phase 1) (2 things)? How did they believe people could get out of poverty (1 thing) ?

A
  • being poor and/or being unemployed was believed to be the result of personal deficit
  • temptation and moral decline lead to poverty
  • only discipline and hard work can lift you out of poverty.
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20
Q

Where did the values of the Colonial Period in Canada come from?

A

Britain

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21
Q

What were earlier settlers in Canada expected to be? What is this called?

A

‘rugged individuals’

frontier mentality

22
Q

What was the name of Toronto’s notorious slum in 1800s and 1900s?

A

the Ward

23
Q

What was the system of Welfare in the Colonial Period (Phase 1) designed to do? What happened to poor people without blood relations?

A

In sum, the system was designed to keep people alive (barely) while blaming them for being unemployed

  • many with no blood relations were institutionalized together (orphans, mentally ill, frail, elderly)
24
Q

What are 4 characteristics of the Industrialized period (1868-1940, phase 2)?

A
  • the beginning of transition from private to public social welfare
  • WW 1- protest and social unrest
  • indsutrialization and urbanization
  • Economic Hardship of the great Depression
  • 1929 Crash
25
Q

What was the Aftermath of the great depression crash of 1929 (phase 2)? What did people demand? What was realized about the free market? Did the view on poverty change? How?

A
  • turning point for Canada, Shift in values and beliefs
  • people demanded that the govt create a social safety net with minimum hourly wage, a standard work week, and programs such as unemployment insurance (now EI) and ‘medicare’

realization that the free market cannot without state intervention take care of the ups and downs of the economy

  • long held beliefs around why people are poor were shattered in the devastation of the economic crash
  • realization that poverty and unemployment can happen to anyone and not necessarily due to laziness or individual inadequacy.
26
Q

Was Canada one of the earliest adopters of the Welfare state?

A

yes.

27
Q

In what phase did Canada begin to lean into the ideas of the Welfare state?

A

Phase 2 the industrialized period, 1868-1940

28
Q

What inspired Phase 3 of the welfare state (1941-1974) (2 things)? What was happening during this time? What are some characteristics features? (3 things)

A
  • a post world war 11 desire for security
  • remembering the lessons of the great depression
  • rapid industrialization and urbanization
  • a variety of landmark income security programs (baby bonus etc)
  • Welfare state consensus
29
Q

What is the Welfare state consensus from Phase 3 (1941-1974)?

A
  • despite many politicians and business people remaining very hesitant and goncerned about govt intervention in the economy people generally agreed that welfare state is a good thing (rich people weren’t crazy about it but they wanted to keep people happy)
30
Q

How did the Welfare State emerge in Canada? (5 things)

A
  • Economic growth and social programs CAN be partner policies
  • some redistribution of wealth is no longer frowned upon
  • inequality is harmful to society in extreme form
  • rich can stay rich but the poor should be helped more
  • new ideas which were hotly debated by politicians of the day.
31
Q

The History of the Welfare state and why it matters

A

FILL OUT FROM VIDEO ON SLIDE 25

32
Q

Who is John Maynard Keynes? When was he alive? What did he develop? When? How did he contribute to welfare? What were his views on govt?

A

alive in 1883-1946

British Economist

developed his theory during the great depression in 1930s

his ideas were radical at the time and led to the notion of the “Welfare State”

  • big proponent that governments should have lots of power (used ot create jobs, slow economy dowm , pick it up etc. )
33
Q

What were the 4 main characteristics of Keynesian theory?

A
  • govt shouls intervene in economies to help mitigate the recessions and booms of the free market
  • full employment is a realistic goal. Govt should increase OR reduce level of expenditures to manage ebb and flow of demand. (ex: govt builds railways)
  • a gov deficit is acceptable.
  • hes sayign use these tools thoughtfully, look at whats going on and make decisions
34
Q

What happened during the rise of Neoliberalism (1975-2005, phase 4)? (4 things)

A

widespread cuts to social welfare spending by the govt in power

  • redesign of programs with addition of restrictions and elimination of others
  • going back to individual and family responsibility
  • Each government in power started making small trims to programs. Making tweaks like its harder to be eligible meaning less people are getting money meaning government is spending less.
35
Q

What do Neoliberals believe? Who are 3 examples of neoliberals?

A

govt must be involved in economy, but solely on the side of business and the wealthy

  • mulroney, ronald reagan, margarite thatcher
36
Q

What inspired the Welfare cuts in Phase 4?

A
  • corporate profits were eroding
  • rates of economic growth were slowing down
    -recessions in 1981, 1990, 2008
  • ## govt was pressured by corporations to reduce state presence and lower taxes
  • so state expenditures toward social welfare and income security programs dropped (you need tax dollars to fund social programs)
37
Q

What do politicans typically do when there is going to be a recession?

A

cut back social programs

38
Q

What Prime minister/party was in power during phase 3 and some of phase 4? What years? What did they do?

A

Pierre Trudeau - Liberal Party (1968-984)

  • tight money policies in mid 70s
  • number of cuts to social programs
39
Q

What Prime Minister/party was in power mostly through phase 4? What years? What did they do/believe? What was the environment surrounding his environment?

A

Brian Mulroney - Conservative Party (1984-1993)

  • bigger cuts - rolling back the welfare state
  • followed other conservative-minded leadership in the UK (thatcher) and the US (Reagan)
  • belief that to compete internationally in the markets, Canada shouls not tax corporations and the wealthy too much
  • belief that social programs are the root of canada’s deficits and debts.
  • By the time mulroney was in power, 2 recessions were looming so he cut lots of programs. He followed margaret thatcher and ronald reagan because they were all having the same problems. They cut and blamed social programs, and blamed lazy people, we are going to lower taxes for businesses and if you don’t have tax dollars you can’t have social problems
40
Q

What was the name of the policy employed by reagan (US), Thatcher (UK) and Mulroney (Canada) in phase 4?

A

Starve the beast

41
Q

When was Jean Chretien in power? What party did he belong to? What did he do?

A

Near the end of phase 4

1992-2003

-finance minister before beoming prime minister

  • continued the trend of the mulroney era
    -employment insurance took a big hit (restrictions and eligibility)
  • result was growing income gap between the wealthiest and the poorest canadians
42
Q

When was Paul Martin In power? What party did he belong to? What did he do?

A

end of phase 4 and beginning of phase 5

2003-2006

Liberal Party

  • cuts to taxes for big corporations
  • but also tried to address issues around a national daycare plan and investment in housing, and economic development on indigenous Reserves
43
Q

When was Stephen harper in power? What party did he belong to? What did he do?

A

Phase 5

Conservative Party

2006-2015

  • deep cutbacks continued
    ‘Starve the beast’
  • cancelled the Kelowna Accord which was to fund Indigenous Initiatives
  • ## Conservative belief that the marketplace must be left alone
  • those who work for them get the goods and services they need
  • goal to motivate those who do not work enough or are not smart enough - need incentive to work - NOT through the state
  • belief that if you aren’y lazy and you work hard you will be okay
44
Q

When was Justin Trudeau in Power? What party did he belong to? What did he do?

A

2015

(phase 5 into phase 6)

Liberal Party

Trudeau has embraced the idea of being a welfare state. talks alot about the middle class. His big halmark program has been the Canada Child Benefit which was introduced in 2016. And last year he invested in Childcare.

  • Canada Child Benefit launched in 2016
  • provide more security for low-income families
  • Large federal investment in childcare (2022)
45
Q

What happened during phase 6 Covid Times and Moving Forward?

A
  • exposed deep-seeded inequalities
  • covid severely impacted the most vulnerable - the working poor, racialized populations, migrant workers, older Canadians living in residential care
  • the welfare state responds expanding social welfare with things like serb but then it shrinks again
46
Q

What are the statistics on Trudeau’s welfare state response to covid 19?

A

20.7 million canadians recieved financial support from the govt in 2020 (68.2% of Canadians)

  • all the programs connected to COvid 19 have effectively ended
47
Q

What has phase 6 led us to? (7 things)

A
  • inflation: higher costs for basic goods and services
  • low unemployment (comes with a cost)
  • housing crisis
  • environmental crisis
  • fragil healthcare system
  • financial uncertainty
    -polarization of politics
48
Q

What is a think tank?

A

a research institute (usually independently financed) staffed with interdisciplinary group experts engaged in the study of policy issues in business and govt

the term is now loosley applied to any group formed to solve a problem or to study a particular topic.

49
Q

What are 2 examples of left-of -center (aka liberal) think tanks?

A
  • Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
  • Broadbent Institute
50
Q

What are 2 examples of right-of-center 9aka conservative) think tanks?

A
  • fraser institute
  • C.D. Howe Institute
51
Q

What is the voter turnour in 2021?

A

three-quarters of eligible canadians reported voting in the 2021 federal election, down 1 percentage point from the 2019 election

among eligible youth aged 18-24 66% cast a ballot in 2021 federal election, down 2 percentage points compared to 2019

52
Q

Do citizens have to vote in Australia?

A

more than 93% vote and it has been mandatory since 1925.

SOWK 200 Midterm (4 decks)

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