Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the three pillars of this course?

Answer 1

inclusion, Equity, Social Justice

Question 2

What doe we mean by inclusion in this course?

Answer 2

all voices participate in decision making; policies reflect multiple histories and circumstances

Question 3

What do we mean by equity in this class?

Answer 3

additional support and opportunities for those susceptible to hardship and vulnerable

Question 4

What do we mean by social justice in this course?

Answer 4

removing systemic barriers to ensure everyone has opportunities regardless of their social location

Question 5

What is the most significant social determinant of health which impacts well-being in Canada?

Answer 5

the lower the income, the worse the health (physical and mental)

Question 6

What are the 14 social determinants of health in Canada?

Answer 6

1. income and income distribution
2. early childhood development
3. social safety network
4. education
5. food insecurity
6. health services
7. race/racism
8. unemployment and job security
9. housing
10. indigenous status
11. disability
12. employment and working Canadians
13. social exclusion
14. gender

Question 7

What is the welfare state?

Answer 7

refers to a country whose govt takes responsibility to deliver programs to its citizens in order to protect health and well being

Question 8

is Canada considered a welfare state?

Answer 8

yes.

Question 8

What is the definition of social welfare?

Answer 8

a system of income security and social service programs designed to ensure the well-being of people

Question 9

what is the definition of Social Welfare policies?

Answer 9

mechanisms to provide resources and services to promote access to opportunities

Question 10

What is the definition of a Social Safety Net?

Answer 10

an expression which refers to a range of benefits, programs, and supports which protect citizens during various life changes

typical life transitions (having children or retirement)

unexpected life transitions (unemployment and disability)

Question 11

What are income security programs? What are 6 examples?

Answer 11

monetary benefits to supplement income or maintain minimum income levels

ex: employment insurance, Canada Child Benefit, Old age security, income assistance, Disability benefits, Canadian Pension Plan

Question 11

What are social service programs? 9 examples? What levels are they delivered at?

Answer 11

non-monetary benefits to promote well-being

ex: health, education, child protection services, treatment programs, mental health services, child care, criminal justice services, shelters

the federal/provincial/territorial/municipal levels

Question 12

What does the Canadian index of Well-Being focus on?

Answer 12

• recognizes that throwing money at a social problem is not enough
• takes a more comprehensive approach which includes building capacity, citizen engagement, social inclusion, redistribution of opportunities, investment in human capital, communities, and families.
• promote overall well-being not just economic security/productivity

Question 13

What are the three approaches to social welfare?

Answer 13

• residual approach
• institutional approach
• social investment approach

Question 14

What is the residual approach?

Answer 14

limited government role, temporary response to those most in need

Question 15

What is the institutional approach?

Answer 15

necessary public response to ensure a reasonable standard of life and health for all citizens; inherent to democratic countries. Attempts to even out economic differences

Question 16

What is the social investment approach?

Answer 16

goals are inclusion, equity, and social justice. Goes beyond meeting economic needs. All aspects of social well-being - think about the 14 social determinants of health

Question 17

What is public welfare? Is it the dominant source of income security and social welfare programs in Canada?

Answer 17

three levels of government (federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal/regional) fund and deliver monetary benefits and social services.

yes.

Question 18

What are the 2 types of private welfare? Explain how they work

Answer 18

non-profit organization: mostly in-kind benefits such as food banks, emergency shelters, usually receive a mix of funding from government and private sources. ex: salvation army, variety, children’s charity

for profit organizations:
retirement pensions, extended health plans. They provide ‘insurance’ but also generate profit for themselves. Ex: pacfic blue cross, sunlife, municipal pension plan

Question 19

What is a universal program?

Answer 19

available to everyone in a specific category regardless of income

Question 20

what are the only 2 true universal programs in canada?

Answer 20

health care and education

Question 21

What are the pros an cons of universal programs?

Answer 21

Pros: Some say fosters sense of citizenship and solidarity

Cons: since everyone gets the benefit, it is costly. The wealthy get the benefit as well.

Question 22

What is a targeted program?

Answer 22

most in need. eligibility usually based on means test, income test, and assets. Benefit is reduced as income is higher to a level where there is no benefit granted

Question 23

What are the pros and cons of targeted programs? how is eligibility often determined?

Answer 23

cons: costly to administer as income testing is administratively complex; punitive and stigmatizing

Pros: efficient and targeted as only helping those in need tackles poverty and inequality

The tax system is often used to determine eligibility

Question 24

What have gen z uniquely been exposed to? what do they have a deeper awareness of? what are there priorities? What is there education?

Answer 24

exposed to: climate change fears, financial inequity, social media, covid 19, polarized political views

deeper awareness of racism and discrimination

different priorities than other generations

on track to be the most educated generation yet

Question 25

What does research say Gen z are more inclined to do/experience? What are they less inclined to do?

Answer 25

• take their time when deciding major life steps
• do things that bring them pleasure
• seek work-life balance and fulfilling jobs
• struggle with mental health issues but are more open about talking about it
• less inclined to want to have children