Lecture 2

Question 1

4 key traits appear in all land plants:

Answer 1

1. apical meristems
2. alternation of generations
3. walled spores produced in sporangia
4. multicellular gametangia

Question 2

plant cells have specialized features:

Answer 2

• cellulose cell walls
• chloroplasts that hold thylakoids
• vacuoles for hydration

Question 3

apical meristems:

Answer 3

elongate shoots and roots, a process called primary growth

Question 4

lateral meristems:

Answer 4

responsible for increases in plant girth are referred to as the vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 5

3 types of tissues:

Answer 5

1. vascular– xylem and phloem
2. dermal “epidermis”–cuticle, periderm, trichrome
3. ground–pith, cortex

Question 6

ground tissue:

Answer 6

forms the bulk of the plant

Question 7

parenchyma cells ground tissues:

Answer 7

thin-walled and capable of photosynthesis when they contain chloroplasts

Question 8

collenchyma cells ground tissue:

Answer 8

have thicker walls for flexible support (celery strands)

Question 9

sclerenchyma cells ground tissue:

Answer 9

are hollow, non-living, and support cells with secondary walls

Question 10

what are tracheids and vessel cells(xylem) designed for?

Answer 10

water transportation

Question 11

what are sieve cells(phloem) designed for?

Answer 11

food transportation

Question 12

vascular cambium:

Answer 12

lays down a secondary system of vascular bundles and support tissues near the periphery of the stem/roots

Question 13

cork cambium:

Answer 13

lays down a secondary layer of tissues (bark) that replace the epidermis

Question 14

leaves:

Answer 14

are organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, thereby capturing more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis

Question 15

parenchyma =

Answer 15

all chloroplasts in the ground tissue

Question 16

collenchyma =

Answer 16

vascular tissue

Question 17

dermal tissues include:

Answer 17

cuticle and sometimes trichomes

Question 18

trichomes:

Answer 18

help to reduce transpiration (the loss of water by aboveground plant parts), increase solar reflectance, and store compounds that defend the leaves against predation by herbivores

Question 19

cuticle:

Answer 19

waxy covering for protection

Question 20

sporophylls are modified leaves that form…

Answer 20

sporangial structures

Question 21

sori:

Answer 21

clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls of ferns

Question 22

homosporous:

Answer 22

seedless vascular plants that produce one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte

Question 23

heterosporous:

Answer 23

all seed plants; which produce megaspores

Question 24

megaspores:

Answer 24

give rise to microscpores

Question 25

microspores:

Answer 25

give rise to male gametophytes

Question 26

Plants that have vascular tissue are more versatile than nonvascular plants. For example, vascular tissue enabled plants to

A. reproduce via spores.
B. store water.
C. grow taller.
D. develop stomata.
E. support large gametophytes

Answer 26

C. grow taller