Lecture 2

Question 1

What’s taphonomy?

Answer 1

Study of how an organism becomes a fossil

Question 2

Experimental Archaeology? Why is it important

Answer 2

To help us understand the archaeological past

Question 3

What does Cultural Formation process mean?

Answer 3

Deliberately or accidentally by human activities ( disturbing site)

Disturbing a site in two ways
Original human behavior
-Acquisition
-Manufacture
-Storage?
-Use and distribution
-Disposal or discard
Post-depositional behavior

Question 4

What does cache mean?

Answer 4

Sacrifice made to be used

Question 5

What does Post-depositional?
And what does cultural disturbance mean?

Answer 5

-
-happening to an object after it has been deposited to the ground not dug yet
-post depositional process is something that disturbs the statrigraphy of the layers. (Ex: trees roots messing everything up)
-before it has been dug op by an archaeologist after the formation of the rock layer (some thickness happened because of a rock layer)
deliberate
*ancient and modern
Or
Cultural disturbance
Accidental
-landscaping
-plowing
-development

Question 6

Natural formation post-depositions processes

Answer 6

Erosion and differential preservation

Question 7

Climate can help

Answer 7

Hinder or help preservation

Surtshellir, Iceland-area where it was formed as a lava tube in a massive eruption (BIG CAVE HOLE)
ca. 870-900AD

Question 8

Dry environments

Answer 8

Near Langtry, TX ca. CE1,000

Question 9

Cold environments who was otzi?

Answer 9

Ice man (Austria / Italy Alps)
3400-3700BC-5400 yes ago

Question 10

Who was Tullund Man?

Answer 10

Denmark
ca. 2,400-2200 BP
Mummified corpse of a man who lived during the 5th century BC during Acandinavia as the Pre-Roman Iron Age

Question 11

What does literature survey mean?

Answer 11

Comprehensive summary of a prior research on a topic (describing past research)

Question 12

What are the two types of survey? Explain them

Answer 12

Non-destructive vs Destructive:

-Non-destructive- walking the landscape (pedestrian survey)
-Ground penetrating Radar- (GPR)
-GPR of Stock Cove, Newfoundland

Magnetometry- device that measures magnetic field (sensing tiny differences in Earths magnetic field)
Resistivity- an active form of geophysical surveying
Satellite
Aerial-Oblique and vertical (examine archaeology remains from a higher altitude

Destructive- random: picking numbers from a list and using those to excavate , non arbitrary-knowing the place well to dig places near , and systematic- choosing a variable and every variable of the grid will be picked

Question 13

Where and how should I dig? What are things to consider when digging

Answer 13

Research questions
Landscape
Matrix conditions
Availability
Cost
Crew