Lecture 1 What Is Archaeology Flashcards
What happened during the Miocene period?
Early ancestors (25-5.5 m.y.a. -earliest ancestors)
What happened during the Pliocene
Led to hominins (apes and on two feet)
5.5-2m.y.a
What happened during the Pleistocene?
2 m.ya.-11.7 k.y.a.-modern humans (200-300kya)
What happened during the Holocene?
11.7 k.y.a-first cities, agriculture, ice age?
What happened during the Anthropocene?
Humans doing the most change
What are the four types of anthropology?
Archaeology- the study of human past
Cultural anthropology- the study of culture and how it is shaped by environments, ideas, and behaviors
Linguistics- the study of language
Biological anthropology- study of evolution
Archaeology Discovery define artifacts, eco facts, feature, site, survey, excavation
Artifacts- objects that humans made (pottery)
Ecofacts- natural material human made (animal skin to coat)
Feature- things that humans made but can’t be moved (pyramids)
Site- accumulation of artifacts
Survey- looking at the sites
Excavation-digging into the sites
Define primary context and secondary context
Primary- things were in their original place
In situ: things in their original place
Secondary context-site being disrupted
Who was the first archaeologist?
Nabonidus (died 538 BC)- excavated temple to build a new one
F. Petrarch (AD 1304-1374)-father of humanism his writing shaped modern Italian language
Study of human interactions
Circiaco de Puzzicolli-(AD1381-1453) “Restoring the dead to life” metaphorical stories
Who was Bishop Ussher?
(AD 1581-1656)
He wanted to find how old the earth was using biography and he came up with it being 4004BC Oct 23
What did James Hutton believe
(1726-1797)
No catastrophes happened
-Uniformitarianism: stead and equable
3 Processes
-Ocean deposition: transporting
-Metamorphism/ pressure
-Erosion
Charles Lyell
(1797-1875)
Also didn’t believe in catastrophes
His work: Principles of Geology
Based on uniformitarianism
The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man (1863)
Was Thomas Jefferson an archaeologist?
Yes he excavated at Indian mounds
-mound at Monticello
Who was Christian Jurgensen Thomsen and what did he discover?
Danish National Museum 1836 Guidebook
Invented the Three Age System
-Stone
-Bronze
-Iron
Paleolithic vs Neolithic
(Old Stone Age and New Stone Age)
Alphabet soup
BC-Before Christ and BCE- before common era
AD-Anno Domini and CE-common era
BP- Before Present (1950)