lecture 2

Question 1

monomer?

Answer 1

single unit
building block of a monomer (nucleotide)

Question 2

polymer?

Answer 2

multiple units
chain of monomers ccomposed of similar subunits
allow for variation

Question 3

how are polymers formed

Answer 3

dehydration reaction

Question 4

how are polymers broken down

Answer 4

hydrolysis (water split) reaction

Question 5

components of glucose

Answer 5

5 carbon 1 oxygen
both linear and ring like
monosaccharaide

Question 6

how are carbohydrates/glucose formed?

Answer 6

glycocidic bond (covalent bond - electrons and shared)

Question 7

polysaccharides are?

Answer 7

polymers of glucose

Question 8

what is the difference between starch and glycogen?

Answer 8

starch has a lack of branching
glycogen has lots of branching

Question 9

what do starch and glycogen have in common?

Answer 9

alpha glycocidic bonds
nutritional polysaccharides
bond angles all point in one direction

Question 10

what do cellulose and chitin have in common?

Answer 10

beta glycocidic bonds
structural polysaccharide
bond angle alternates

Question 11

lipids are mostly?

Answer 11

hydrophobic

Question 12

what happens with hydrophobicity

Answer 12

non-polar molecules are made up of h-c bonds (evenly shared electrons with no dipoles)
o-c have a diploe and unequal electron sharing
aggregate away from water

Question 13

what do saturated fats have?

Answer 13

all c-c single bonds
solid at room temp
linear
glycerol with 3 fatty acid tails

Question 14

what do unsaturated fats have

Answer 14

presence of cis c–c double bond which creates kink
liquid at room temp
glycerol with 3 fatty acid tail, 1 with kink

Question 15

what are phospholipids

Answer 15

glycerol with polar photphate head
amphepathetic (polar phopshate head and non-polar body)
basis of the membrane due to amphypathic and cylindrical (stackable)

Question 16

what is amphypathic

Answer 16

both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
mostly carbon and hydrogen with polarity
polarity - has an oxygen

Question 17

why is cholesterol amphypathetic?

Answer 17

has an oh group (oxygen)

Question 18

protiens are polymers of?

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

protiens are joined by?

Answer 19

peptide bonds (covalent bond with a.a)

Question 20

what is the backbone to all amino acids?

Answer 20

R
|
NH3+ - C - COO-
|
H+

Question 21

4 types of R group a.a classifications

Answer 21

1) non-polar (mostly carbon and hydrogen)
2) polar uncharged (has OH group or SH)
3) polar charged acidic (has negative charge COO-)
4) polar charged basic (has positive charge NH3+)

Question 22

what do 1° structures do

Answer 22

dictates folding, folding dictates function

Question 23

2° structure

Answer 23

triple bonded local folding of a.a into alpha helix or beta sheet

Question 24

how is 2° stabalized

Answer 24

backbone of a.a (hydrogen bonding)

Question 25

3° structure

Answer 25

driven by hydrophobic associations (aggregate away from water)

Question 26

how is 3° stabalized

Answer 26

r group interactions

Question 27

4° structure

Answer 27

multiple small protiens assemble into a complex (collagen stabalizes extracellular matrix)

Question 28

how is 4° structure stabalized

Answer 28

r group interactions

Question 29

what are chaperons

Answer 29

protiens that assist in folding other protiens
proper folding = proper function

Question 30

dna/rna is a polymer of?

Answer 30

nucleotides

Question 31

what are the kinds of bases?

Answer 31

cytosine, thymine, uroal, guanine, and adenine