lecture 2 Flashcards
monomer?
single unit
building block of a monomer (nucleotide)
polymer?
multiple units
chain of monomers ccomposed of similar subunits
allow for variation
how are polymers formed
dehydration reaction
how are polymers broken down
hydrolysis (water split) reaction
components of glucose
5 carbon 1 oxygen
both linear and ring like
monosaccharaide
how are carbohydrates/glucose formed?
glycocidic bond (covalent bond - electrons and shared)
polysaccharides are?
polymers of glucose
what is the difference between starch and glycogen?
starch has a lack of branching
glycogen has lots of branching
what do starch and glycogen have in common?
alpha glycocidic bonds
nutritional polysaccharides
bond angles all point in one direction
what do cellulose and chitin have in common?
beta glycocidic bonds
structural polysaccharide
bond angle alternates
lipids are mostly?
hydrophobic
what happens with hydrophobicity
non-polar molecules are made up of h-c bonds (evenly shared electrons with no dipoles)
o-c have a diploe and unequal electron sharing
aggregate away from water
what do saturated fats have?
all c-c single bonds
solid at room temp
linear
glycerol with 3 fatty acid tails
what do unsaturated fats have
presence of cis c–c double bond which creates kink
liquid at room temp
glycerol with 3 fatty acid tail, 1 with kink
what are phospholipids
glycerol with polar photphate head
amphepathetic (polar phopshate head and non-polar body)
basis of the membrane due to amphypathic and cylindrical (stackable)
what is amphypathic
both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
mostly carbon and hydrogen with polarity
polarity - has an oxygen
why is cholesterol amphypathetic?
has an oh group (oxygen)
protiens are polymers of?
amino acids
protiens are joined by?
peptide bonds (covalent bond with a.a)
what is the backbone to all amino acids?
R
|
NH3+ - C - COO-
|
H+
4 types of R group a.a classifications
1) non-polar (mostly carbon and hydrogen)
2) polar uncharged (has OH group or SH)
3) polar charged acidic (has negative charge COO-)
4) polar charged basic (has positive charge NH3+)
what do 1° structures do
dictates folding, folding dictates function
2° structure
triple bonded local folding of a.a into alpha helix or beta sheet
how is 2° stabalized
backbone of a.a (hydrogen bonding)