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Psych 327 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is puberty

A
  • transition to adulthood
  • sexual maturation
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2
Q

What are the 3 key characteristics of puberty?

A
  1. Rapid physical growth
  2. Changes in primary sex characteristics
  3. Development of secondary sex characteristics
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3
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

responsible for the production, circulation and regulation or hormones

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4
Q

What are hormones

A

substances produced by endocrine glands

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5
Q

What is the gonadotropin releasing neuron

A

neurons implicated in pubertal development -> activated by pubertal hormones

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6
Q

What is the hormonal feedback loop

A
  • process in which endocrine system regulates hormone levels
  • hormonal thermostat
  • set points
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7
Q

What is the HPG axis

A
  • increasingly important at the start of puberty
  • early development of HPG
  • 3 primary structures of HPG
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8
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A
  • controls hormone levels
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9
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

controls pituitary gland and GnRH neurons

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10
Q

What are the gonads

A
  • release sex hormones
  • testes and ovaries
  • androgens and estrogens
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11
Q

What is adrenarche?

A
  • maturation of the adrenal glands during adolescence
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12
Q

What is physical development of adrenarche

A
  • secretion of hormone that stimulates physical growth
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13
Q

What is the stress response of adrenarche

A
  • hormonal changes during puberty promote greater stress responsively
  • production of cortisol
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14
Q

How does the HPG axis trigger puberty

A
  • HPG axis has a puberty alarm
  • early dormancy
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15
Q

What are some biological signals linked to pubertal onset

A
  • kisspeptin
  • leptin
  • melatonin
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16
Q

What is kisspeptin

A
  • thought to trigger the start of puberty
  • production influenced by both melatonin and leptin
17
Q

What is leptin?

A
  • protein produced by fat cells
  • regulates hunger and appetite
18
Q

What is melatonin

A
  • hormone that regulates the sleep cycle
  • promotes the sensation of tiredness
19
Q

How does gene, fat and light exposure affect puberty

A
  • pubertal timing primarily dictated by genes
  • increase in body fat -> earlier pubertal onset
  • increased light exposure -> earlier pubertal onset
20
Q

What is the evolutionary perspective of puberty

A

Resource Scarcity: Goal-> produce offspring
- optimal fat and resource availability -> signal start of puberty
Influence of Technology: electronics and artificial light
Evolution vs Modern Day: Adaptive Mismatch: evolutionary development = slow

21
Q

How are hormones involved in early brain development

A

early brain organization -> later behaviour

22
Q

What are prenatal vs pubertal influences

A
  • sex differences in aggression
  • the great puberty fallacy
23
Q

What are some changes that occur due to puberty

A
  • increased emotional arousal
  • risk/reward
24
Q

What is the adolescent growth spurt

A
  • rapid growth in height and weight during puberty
25
Q

What is peak height velocity

A
  • growth rate is the same as a toddler
  • Boys grow about 4 inches a year
    Girls grow 3.5 inches a year
26
Q

What is epiphysis

A
  • closing of ends of bones
  • marks end of puberty
27
Q

What are Tanner Stages

A
  • sexual maturity rating
  • classification system to track sexual maturing during puberty
  • Screening/evaluation done by healthcare workers
28
Q

What are gene-environment influences on pubertal timing

A
  • genetic and environmental influences implicated in differences of pubertal timing
29
Q

How can family affect pubertal timing

A

family structure and conflict; due to stress

30
Q

How are group differences in maturation

A
  • population differences in rate/timing of puberty likely reflective of environmental differences
  • comparisons of average age of menarche most informative measure for cross comparison
31
Q

Is early maturation a cause for concern

A
  • average age of puberty continues to decline
  • sensation seeking behaviours increase
32
Q

How is self regulation impacted by puberty

A
  • brain systems that are involved in self regulation are less impacted by puberty -> timing is not impacted

Psych 327 (2 decks)

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