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Psych 327 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is adolescence

A

stage of development that begins with puberty and ends when individuals make the transition into adult roles, roughly speaking, from about 10 until the early 20s

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2
Q

When is early adolescence

A

10-13 years; junior high years

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3
Q

When is middle adolescence

A

14-17 years; high school years

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4
Q

When is late adolescence

A

18-21 years; college years

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5
Q

When is emerging adulthood

A

18-25; transition from adolescence to adulthood

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6
Q

What is the biological transition of adolesence

A

onset of puberty: changes in appearance and ability to conceive children

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7
Q

What is the cognitive transition of adolescence

A

emergence of more advanced thinking abilities such as hypothetical situations and abstract concepts

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8
Q

What is the social transition of adolescence

A

transition into new roles in society

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9
Q

What is a rite of passage

A

ceremony or ritual marking an individual’s transition from one social status to another, especially marking the young person’s transition to adulthood

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10
Q

What is the ecological perspective of human development

A

individual is embedded in set of systems
- systems interact with each other and with individual regularly over time to promote and influence development
- an adolescent has biological, psychological, cognitive, and social characteristics that shape development

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11
Q

What is a microsystem

A

immediate settings
- direct contact
- change with ecological transitions

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12
Q

What is a mesosystem

A

connection between microsystems

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13
Q

What is a exosystem

A

indirect social settings/structures
non-active role

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14
Q

What is a macrosystem

A

institutional patterns and ideologies
explicit and implicit
the “isms”

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15
Q

What is the chronosystem

A

historical times and circumstances

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16
Q

What are the various psychosocial concepts in adolescence

A
  • identity
  • autonomy
  • intimacy
  • sexuality
  • achievement
17
Q

What are some examples of psychosocial problems

A
  • substance use: drug and alcohol abuse
  • juvenile delinquency and externalizing problems
  • depression, anxiety and other internalizing problems
18
Q

What is the goal and assumptions of the lifespan developmental theory

A

goal: to describe, explain, and modify human development
assumptions: development is lifelong, is a result of biological, psychological, social contexts acting together
individual influences and is influences by people and contexts

19
Q

What is Recapitulation Theory

A
  • by G. Stanley Hall
  • adolescence is shaped by biology
  • ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
  • biological changes create inner turmoil, uproar confusion -> antisocial behaviour
20
Q

What is storm and stress

A

universal and inevitable upheaval
- three components: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, risky behaviors

21
Q

What is the dual systems theory

A
  • two different neural systems and two different timetables
  • the first system governs how brain processes rewards, punishments and social information (controlled by domaninergic system)
  • the second system regulates self control and advanced thinking abilities (controlled by development of executive functioning or the prefrontal cortex
22
Q

Who made the three organismic theories

A
  • Sigmund Freud
  • Erik Erikson
  • Jean Piaget
23
Q

What was the theory by Sigmund Freud

A
  • puberty temporarily throws adolescent into psychological crisis
  • adolescence is a time of upheaval
24
Q

What is the theory by Erik Erikson

A
  • internal, biological development moves individuals from one stage to the next
  • psychosocial conflicts
  • challenge is to solve the identity crisis
25
Q

What is the theory by Jean Piaget

A
  • development is the changing in the nature of thinking
  • adolescence is the transition from concrete to abstract thought
26
Q

What are the two learning theories

A
  • behaviorism: reinforcement and punishment (B.F. Skinner)
  • Social learning theory: observation and imitation
27
Q

What are sociological theories

A
  • how adolescents are treated as a group by society
28
Q

What are the two sociological theories

A

adolescent marginality:
- power difference between adults and adolescents
- frustrated after being prohibited from occupying meaningful roles in society
intergenerational conflict:
- adolescents and adults grow up in different generations
- inevitable conflict between generations

29
Q

What is the historical perspective

A
  • adolescence has varied from one era to another: depends on the various forces at play
30
Q

What are anthropological perspectives

A

societies vary considerably in how they view adolescence

Psych 327 (2 decks)

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