LECTURE 2

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Accumulation of inherited changed in populations over time

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

group of individuals of one species that live in the same geographic area at the same time

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

Group of Connected populations consisted of individuals with similar phenotypes and capable of interbreeding

Question 4

What is the meaning of evolution?

Answer 4

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth

Question 5

What is the biological definition of Evolution?

Answer 5

the inherited change within a lineage

Question 6

Definition of inherited

Answer 6

reproduction promotes the passing on of genes and associated traits from parents to offspring

Question 7

Definition of Change

Answer 7

each offspring is not a copy of its parents by a combination of them

Question 8

Definition of Lineage

Answer 8

reproduction of individuals from one generation to the next creates an uninterrupted chain of genetic inheritance from ancestors to descendants

Question 9

Variation

Answer 9

the difference among individuals in a population

Question 10

Why is change important?

Answer 10

Random genetic mutations change the genetic composition of the next generation and introduce variation among individuals. More reproductively successful parents contribute more off spring to the next generation

Question 11

Ernst Mayer 1904 (Germany)

Answer 11

studied speciation and punctate equilibrium. Defined what a species is

Question 12

How does evolution work?

Answer 12

1. Natural Selection
2. Genetic Drift
   - both of these processes are dependent upon variation

Question 13

Definition of Hypothesis

Answer 13

How or why a phenomenon occurs. Hypotheses are repeatedly tested, and refined through scientific method

Question 14

Definition of Scientific method

Answer 14

the process of scientific inquiry for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, and correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
Scientific method must be based on observable, measurable evidence collected by observation, and or experimentation

Question 15

What is some evidence of Evolution?

Answer 15

• Animal and plant forms have changed over time
• the time span of evolution is immense
• extinction is a fate of most species that ever existed
• environments in every locale have changed, often dramatically so

Question 16

homologous Features

Answer 16

derive from same structure as common ancestor
- similar anatomy, dissimilar functions
- similar developmental pattern
-similar in structure and origin

Question 17

Homoplastic (analogous) features

Answer 17

similar functions in distantly related organisms demonstrates covergent evolution
- dissimilar in anatomy
- develop in unrelated animals and not inherited from a common ancestor
-development pattern not similar
-dissimilar in structure and origin

Question 18

Vestigial Structures

Answer 18

remnants of structures indicating adaptations. For example, the appendix in the human

Question 19

Developmental Homologies

Answer 19

Refers to similarity in embryo morphology and or patter of tissue differentiation

Question 20

convergent evolution

Answer 20

unrelated mammals eat ants and termites in similar ways

Question 21

Theory of Evolution

Answer 21

1. Explains the similarities (common ancestry) and differences (adaptations and diversity) of extinct and lost species
2. provide clues for how life will continue in the future
3. is important to under how viruses and bacteria evolve so that better drugs can be designed to cure diseases.