Lecture 2 Flashcards
What spheres are within the atmosphere
T.M.S.T: Thor Must Save Thor
Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere
What spheres are within the Hydrosphere
C.H.B: Chris Hates Blue
Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere
What spheres are within the Geosphere
L.A.M.C: L.A. mostly cracks
Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, core
What parts of the geosphere affects the biosphere
Lithosphere and Astehnosphere
The crust is part of what geosphere?
Lithosphere
Lithosphere vs. Asthenosphere. How do they affect the biosphere
Lithosphere:
- solid and rigid
- because it’s rigid, it’s easy to break creating physical changes on the biosphere
Asthenosphere:
- solid, but mobile
- because it’s mobile, it affects the surface.
Explain this double oxymoron: “The Earth’s materials are fixed into changing processes that are in a state of dynamic equilibrium”
1st:
- Earth’s materials change by following a natural law
2nd:
- dynamic equilibrium means that materials are actively changing, however, there is a balance that is being maintained (i.e. water cycle)
Explain the water cycle
- physical change
- evaporation —> condensation —> precipitation —> surface runoff
- perfect example of dynamic equilibrium
What are the differences between the two types of Igneous rocks?
- Basalt
- Fe
- extrusive- magma is crystalized outside
- Granite
- Si
- intrusive- magma is crystalized inside
Explain the creation of igneous rocks
Magma —> crystallization (cools + solidifies)
Explain the creation of sedimentary rocks
Weathering breaks down rock —> sediment —> lithification (sediment is compacted + cemented)
Explain the creation of metamorphic rocks
Heat and pressure
Density formula
D = Mass / Volume
Velocity formula
V = Distance / Time
What are Convection Cells
Redistribution of heat because of density differences due to temperature
Continental crust vs. oceanic crust
Continental:
- lesser density because of granite which contains Si (light element)
Oceanic crust
- More dense because of basalt which contains Fe (heavy element)
Explain how density can change by temperature
Density has an inverse relationship with volume
Hot = expand = volume increase = lower density Cold = contraction = volume decrease = higher density
Define plates
Pieces of lithosphere moving as a coherent mass
Characteristics of divergent margins. Continental and oceanic.
- asthenosphere rising
- constructive
- In continental…
- creates rift-valley on the lithosphere
- In mid-oceanic ridges…
- oceanic crust on lithosphere
Characteristics of convergent margins
- asthenosphere sinking
- destructive
- Trench (oceanic)
- volcanic island arc/chain
- mountain chains (cont. + cont. collision)
- earthquakes
Characteristics of transform fault
- plates sliding past one another horizontally
- pieces of continents slices off (San Andres fault)
- off-set on Mid-oceanic ridge
Three plates that border “North American Plate”
- Caribbean Plate
- Pacific Plate
- Eurasian Plate
