Lecture 2

Question 1

What spheres are within the atmosphere

Answer 1

T.M.S.T: Thor Must Save Thor

Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere

Question 2

What spheres are within the Hydrosphere

Answer 2

C.H.B: Chris Hates Blue

Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

Question 3

What spheres are within the Geosphere

Answer 3

L.A.M.C: L.A. mostly cracks

Lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, core

Question 4

What parts of the geosphere affects the biosphere

Answer 4

Lithosphere and Astehnosphere

Question 5

The crust is part of what geosphere?

Answer 5

Lithosphere

Question 6

Lithosphere vs. Asthenosphere. How do they affect the biosphere

Answer 6

Lithosphere:

• solid and rigid
• because it’s rigid, it’s easy to break creating physical changes on the biosphere

Asthenosphere:

• solid, but mobile
• because it’s mobile, it affects the surface.

Question 7

Explain this double oxymoron: “The Earth’s materials are fixed into changing processes that are in a state of dynamic equilibrium”

Answer 7

1st:
- Earth’s materials change by following a natural law

2nd:
- dynamic equilibrium means that materials are actively changing, however, there is a balance that is being maintained (i.e. water cycle)

Question 8

Explain the water cycle

Answer 8

• physical change
• evaporation —> condensation —> precipitation —> surface runoff
• perfect example of dynamic equilibrium

Question 9

What are the differences between the two types of Igneous rocks?

Answer 9

1. Basalt
   - Fe
   - extrusive
   
   • magma is crystalized outside
2. Granite
   - Si
   - intrusive
   
   • magma is crystalized inside

Question 10

Explain the creation of igneous rocks

Answer 10

Magma —> crystallization (cools + solidifies)

Question 11

Explain the creation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 11

Weathering breaks down rock —> sediment —> lithification (sediment is compacted + cemented)

Question 12

Explain the creation of metamorphic rocks

Answer 12

Heat and pressure

Question 13

Density formula

Answer 13

D = Mass / Volume

Question 14

Velocity formula

Answer 14

V = Distance / Time

Question 15

What are Convection Cells

Answer 15

Redistribution of heat because of density differences due to temperature

Question 16

Continental crust vs. oceanic crust

Answer 16

Continental:
- lesser density because of granite which contains Si (light element)

Oceanic crust
- More dense because of basalt which contains Fe (heavy element)

Question 17

Explain how density can change by temperature

Answer 17

Density has an inverse relationship with volume

Hot = expand = volume increase = lower density 
Cold = contraction = volume decrease = higher density

Question 18

Define plates

Answer 18

Pieces of lithosphere moving as a coherent mass

Question 19

Characteristics of divergent margins. Continental and oceanic.

Answer 19

• asthenosphere rising
• constructive
• In continental…
  
  • creates rift-valley on the lithosphere
• In mid-oceanic ridges…
  
  • oceanic crust on lithosphere

Question 20

Characteristics of convergent margins

Answer 20

• asthenosphere sinking
• destructive
• Trench (oceanic)
• volcanic island arc/chain
• mountain chains (cont. + cont. collision)
• earthquakes

Question 21

Characteristics of transform fault

Answer 21

• plates sliding past one another horizontally
• pieces of continents slices off (San Andres fault)
• off-set on Mid-oceanic ridge

Question 22

Three plates that border “North American Plate”

Answer 22

• Caribbean Plate
• Pacific Plate
• Eurasian Plate