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Exercise Phys > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Steady State Aerobic Exercise System contributions at different intensities

A
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2
Q

Energy sources at constant intensity submaximal aerobic exercise onset

A
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3
Q

Immediate Energy store for muscular contraction: The CP-ATP system

“stored” ATP in cell used for:

A

rapid transitions in energy expenditure

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4
Q

Immediate Energy store for muscular contraction: The CP-ATP system

Engaged at:

A
  • start of exercise or abrupt changes in effort
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5
Q

Immediate Energy store for muscular contraction: The CP-ATP system

Limited store:

A

6-8 seconds of all out-work

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6
Q

Immediate Energy store for muscular contraction: The CP-ATP system

Rapid resynthesis of this “storage” pool of ATP is accomplished via

A

hydrolysis of creatine phosphate (CP)

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7
Q

Immediate Energy store for muscular contraction: The CP-ATP system

Transfer rate is __X that of aerobic pathways

A

4-8X

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8
Q

Energy demand equation

-catalyzed by

A

CP + ADP → ATP + C

  • catalyzed by creatine kinase*
  • ATP levels will decrease in active muscle with critical depletion of CP stores*
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9
Q

Recovery (rapid) equation

A

C + ATP → ADP + CP

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10
Q

From what is recovery ATP derived?

A

Catabolism of foodstuffs via glycolysis or aerobic metabolism

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11
Q

Testing Capacity of Immediate Energy System

Performance

A

Power tests:

  • stair climbing, jumping
  • sprint (40yd sprint for football)
  • power tests used for specific performance gains with training (within the same subject) and for training itself
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12
Q

Testing Capacity of Immediate Energy System

Assumptions/Design

A
  • All ATP is generated via CP-ATP system at peak power output
  • Enough CP/ATP stored to support maximum performance
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13
Q

Testing Capacity of Immediate Energy System

Significant limitations

A
  • Test <6 seconds
  • link of performance and general CP-ATP capacity hard to assess in field tests
  • Performance is skill & motivation dependent
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14
Q

Short term system: glycolysis

Duration:

Additional ATP production from:

A

>6s

Additional ATP production from glycolysis and aerobic mechanisms

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15
Q

Short term system: glycolysis

Proportion provided from anaerobic/aerobic sources depends on

A

intensity and duration of exercise

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16
Q

Short-term Energy system tests

Performance for anaerobic power

A
  • Wingate test (cycle ergometer or arm crank)
  • Repetitive testing (running, weightlifting)
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17
Q

Short term system: glycolysis

Assumptions/design criteria

A
  • Substantial activation of anaerobic systems during maximal exercise up to 3 min
  • Must control for task complexity and muscle group specificity
18
Q

Wingate test

A

30 sec. all out effort with a specific resistance chosen based on body mass (arm crank or cycle ergometer)

19
Q

Wingate test outcome measures

**Peak power output vs average power output

A
  • Peak power output: assumes CP-ATPase capacity is tested
  • Average power output: assumes glycolytic capacity tested

Resultant “power scores” compared to age and gender normative values

20
Q

Long-term energy: Aerobic Metabolism

Provides majority of ATP if exercise is:

A

>2-5mins

21
Q

Long-term energy: Aerobic Metabolism

Oxygen needed to drive ATP production via

A
  • increased pulmonary O2 uptake and
  • Delivery to muscle via CV system
22
Q

Rest-to-Exercise Transition in Oxygen Uptake

A
  • The rise in oxygen uptake (VO2) “lags” begin energy expenditure at the start of exercise.
  • Oxygen defecit during transitional stage represents energy provided by anaerobic metabolism
  • After several mins (3-4) of constant intensity of submax exercise, VO2 reaches steady state
  • In submax exercise, majority of energy dervied from aerobic processes
  • Steady state, submax exercise = Balance between energy demand (expenditure in kcala) and oxygen uptake
  • **THUS → VO2 (O2 uptake) = good index of energy expenditure
23
Q

Recovery from exercise

A
  • At cessation of exercise, VO2 does not immediately return to resting levels
  • Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) = difference between predicted resting VO2 and actual VO2 measured during recovery
  • Rate of recovery to basal levels will depend on the intensity and duration of exercise: higher intensity or longer duration increase EPOC
24
Q

Think of EPOC as:

A

extra energy necessary to return the body to the pre-exercise state

25
Q

Two components to the exponential fall in VO2

A
  1. Fast (maximal in first 30s)
  2. Slow (could take 1-to up to 24 hours)
    1. particularly important after exercise of moderate-heavy intensity
26
Q

Causes of fast EPOC

A
  1. Resynthesize CP and ATP stores in muscle
  2. Replace O2 blood stores in blood, body fluids, and myoglobin
27
Q

Causes of slow EPOC

A
  1. Lactate removal (oxidation and gluconeogenesis)
  2. Elevated core temp (increases metabolism)
  3. Elevated horomoes (increases metabolism affecting heart, liver, muscle function)
  4. O2 demands of heart, respiratory muscles, etc. during recovery
28
Q

Number of calories burned during EPOC

A
  • Interindividual EPOC variaation
  • Typical exercise (walking, jogging - 30 min @ mod intensity)
    • EPOC < 50kcal
  • Longer (> 60 min) or higher intensity (>70% VO2 max)
    • EPOC from 70-160kcal

ppl on moderate exercise programs looking to lose weight should concentrate on increasing frequency or duration of the exercise itself (rather than counting on EPOC) to meanfully increase caloric expenditure in pursuit of their goal

29
Q

Maximal oxygen comsumption (VO2 max)

Physiologic definition

A

Maximal capacity to transport and utilize O2

30
Q

Maximal oxygen comsumption (VO2 max)

Operational definition

A

VO2 at which O2 uptake no longer increases with an increase in workload

31
Q

Maximal oxygen comsumption (VO2 max)

Peak aerobic power or peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak)

A
  • Term used when its not clear that exercise elicited “true” physiologic VO2 max
  • VO2 plateau in VO2 not demonstrated (common in exercise testing)
32
Q

VO2max is a fundamental measurement in:

A

in exercise physiology

an important component of endurance performance

33
Q

VO2 max reflects (2 things)

A
  1. capacity for aerobic energy transfer
  2. Function and integration of physiological systems involving uptake, delivery, and utilization of oxygen
34
Q

VO2 max diagram (relative vs. absolute)

A
35
Q

Oxygen transport system

A
  1. pulmonary ventilation
  2. Transfers O2 to blood
  3. Cardiac function
  4. Blood flow to active muscles (organs)
  5. Transfer O2 to muscle
  6. Metabolic function of muscle
36
Q

Absolute workload expressed as

A
  • ml/min/kg
  • l/min
  • Watts, mph, kgm-min,
37
Q

Relative workload expressed as

A
  • Relative (%) to a standard (usually that person’s maximum HR or maximum VO2)
38
Q

VO2 reserve

A

VO2 max - resting VO2

39
Q

Expressions of intensity as relative workloads allows for comparisons of exercise responses between different persons because:

A
  • individuals should be working at the same relative physiologic stress even if the absolute workloads are different
40
Q

At the SAME absolute workload, subject A is working at a lower % of Maximum Capacity compared to subject B

A
41
Q

At the same relative workload, Subject A is working at a higher absolute workload than subject B

A

Exercise Phys (6 decks)

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