Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biophysical & Physical > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry is the study of

A

Matter and changes it undergoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physics is the study of

A

Motion, matter and energy interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inorganic compounds contain all elements except

A

Carbon

Ionic and molecular compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organic compounds contain

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Analytic chemistry studies

A

The percent composition of a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atoms

A

Basic building blocks of matter
Smallest particle of an element
Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An element is defined by its number of

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protons have a mass of

A

1 amu= 1.66 c 10^-27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ions are

A

Atoms that have gain or lost electrons from their natural composition
Positive (cation) negative (anion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

O2 is is both

A

Molecule and element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemical properties are

A

Characteristics that describe the chemical reactivity of a substance. Result in formation of different compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physical properties are

A

Do not describe the chemical reactivity of substance. A substance can display physical properties without a change in composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atomic number (Z) of an element is

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The mass number (A) of an atom is

A

The sun of the proton (or atomic number) and the neutron number (N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atomic mass or atomic weight is the

A

Average mass of an atom in a natural sample of the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atomic number is equal to

A

The number of protons ( atomic number of carbon is 6)

Tells number of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mass number of an element is equal

A

To the number of protons plus number of neutrons

Electrons are ignored because they are weightless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atomic weight is the average

A

Of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isotope are

A

Atoms with the same atomic numbers but with different atomic weights. Same number of protons (and electrons) but a diff is not be number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radioisotopes are

A

Heavier, unstable isotopes of an element that spontaneously decompose into more stable forms
- half live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Half live is

A

Time required to lose 1/2 of radioactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carbon dating

A

Determines age of fossils by using half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who discovered isotopes

A

JJ Thompson

At 22 amu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Isotopes have the same atomic number but different

A 
Mass numbers (same Z, different A)
Same number of protons but different number of neutrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dalton’s theory

A

Proposed 3 hypotheses to explain laws of conservation of mass and definite proportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dalton’s 3 laws

A
  1. Each element is compost of tiny indivisible particles called atoms
  2. Chemical combination is simply the binding of a definite, small whole number of atoms of each of the combing elements in a fixed ratio to make 2 molecule to form a compound.
    3 no atoms are gained, lost, or changed in identity during a chemical reaction; they are just rearranged to produce a new substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are daltons 2 theory’s

A
  1. Law of conservation of mass- no detectable change in the total mass occurs during a chemical reaction.
  2. Law of definite proportions- different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. (Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who constructed the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1907, he emphasized that chemical and physical properties are repeated in predictable way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The rows in a periodic table are called

A

Period and increase by atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The columns in a periodic table are called

A

Groups or families, elements within a family have similar chemical and physical property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Periodic law is

A

The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

32
Q

Metals are

A

Shiny, lustrous
Malleable, ductile
Electrical and thermal conductor
Left side of periodic table

33
Q

Non metals are

A

Variable
Brittle
Non conductor (except graphite)
Located on right side of periodic table

34
Q

Metalloids (semimetals) are

A

Shiny, lustrous
Variable
Poor conductors
Located on the stair step of the periodic table

35
Q

Covalent bonds is a

A

Group of aroma chemically bonded together into a discreet unit
Covalent=close on the periodic table

36
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A

A form of hemoglobin that has been oxidized, changing from ferrous to ferric which cannot bind to oxygen which as a result cannot carry oxygen to tissues

37
Q

Common element aluminum

A

Antiperspirant (aluminum chloride) and antacids (aluminum hydroxide)

38
Q

Common elements of barium

A 
Radio opaque
Barium enema (BaSO4)
39
Q

Common elements for calcium

A 
Excitation and contraction o f muscles 
Blood clothing (factor IV)
40
Q

Common elements of Carbon

A

Organic compounds

Activated charcoal to absorb toxic material

41
Q

Common elements for chlorine

A

Disinfectant as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) Clorox

42
Q

Common elements of copper

A

Wilson’s disease (increased copper)

43
Q

Common elements of fluorine

A

Strengthens teeth

Present in inhalation anesthetics (isoflurane, enflurane)

44
Q

Common elements for helium

A

Coolant in MRI instruments

45
Q

Common elements for hydrogen

A

Most abundant atom

Responsible for body pH

46
Q

Common elements for iodine

A

Topical antiseptic

Requires for synthesis of thyroid hormones

47
Q

Common elements for iron

A

Fe++ ferrous and Fe +++ ferric
Transport O2 in Hb
Methemoglobinemia tx iv methylene blue

48
Q

Common elements for lithium

A

Bipolar disorder

49
Q

Common elements for magnesium

A

Mag sulfate

50
Q

Common elements for mercury

A

Used in sphygmomanometers, thermometers

51
Q

Common elements of nitrogen

A 
80% of air
Nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthetic gas
52
Q

Common elements for oxygen

A

20% of air
Production of ATP
O3 ozone protects skin cancer

53
Q

Common elements of phosphorous

A

Present in DNA, RNA, and ATP

54
Q

Common elements of potassium

A

Most abundant intracellular ion

Muscle contraction, nerve conduction

55
Q

Common elements of sodium

A

Most abundant extra cellular ion

Determines plasma osmolarity and volume

56
Q

Common elements of silicon

A

Breast implants

57
Q

Common elements of silver

A

Dental fillings

58
Q

Common elements of silver

A

Found in cytochrome oxidase

59
Q

Common elements of titanium

A

Prosthetic implants

60
Q

Common elements of zinc

A

Calamine lotion and sun blocks (zinc oxide)

61
Q

Ionic compounds are held together by

A

Ionic bonds - attraction of oppositely charged ions

62
Q

In a solid state, ionic compounds form

A

Crystalline lattices
Cations are attracted to all neighboring anions not just one
Thus there is no discrete ionic “molecule”

63
Q

Chemical bond is an

A

Energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms
Bonds are formed using the electrons in the outermost energy level

64
Q

Valence shell is

A

Outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons

65
Q

Octet rule (rule of 8)

A

Except for the first shell which is full with 2 electrons, atoms interact in a manner to have 8 electrons in their valence shell

66
Q

What are 3 types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

67
Q

Ionic bonds are

A

Chemical bonds that form between two atoms that transfer one or more electrons from one atom to the other
Form crystals instead of molecules
NaCl is a crystal- large structures of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds

68
Q

Anion is an

A

Electron acceptor carrying a net negative charge due to an extra electron

69
Q

Cation is an

A

Electron donor carrying a net positive charge due to the loss of an electron

70
Q

Covalent bonds are

A

Bonds that form when electrons are shared between 2 atoms

Can be doubled or tripled bonds

71
Q

Hydrogen bonds are

A

Weak attractions that form between partially charged atoms found in polar molecule
Common in dipoles such as water
Responsible for surface tension in water
Hydrogen bonds tend to collapse the lunch

72
Q

Ions are

A

An atom with a charge, cannot cross cell membrane
Cations - positive, formed by loss of electron, metals
Anion- negative, form from gain of electron, nonmetals

73
Q

How can we get ions to cross cell membrane?

A

Check pH, has to be non ionic to cross

74
Q

Desiccant is

A

The anhydrous form of a component d that has a strong tendency to form a hydrate, and is used to scavenge the last traces of wager from a system.
Most common is silica gel (SiO2)
Addition of water to a desiccant is a reversible process so saturated desiccants can be used as moisturizers

75
Q

Moles is an

A

Amount of substance that contains exactly as many particles as 12.00 grams of carbon
This number is called Avogadro’s number
Particles could mean molecules, atoms, ions, or electrons

76
Q

Molecular mass is

A

The sun if they masses of the component atoms

77
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

6.02 x 10^23

Biophysical & Physical (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions