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CNS Behavior > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Humans are largely similar in their:

A

1) Anatomical features
2) Social behavior
3) Needs
4) Abilities
5) Vulnerabilities

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2
Q

Humans are different in these aspects:

A

1) Anatomical features
2) Social behavior
3) Needs
4) Abilities
5) Vulnerabilities

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3
Q

What are the origins of human similarity?

A

1) Genetic makeup
2) Similar environment
3) Nature Vs. Nurture
4) Differences (beneficial or not)

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4
Q

Intelligence is difficult to define, but all definitions refer to:

A

Capacity and ability of the person and not what a person does.

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5
Q

Give 5 definitions for intelligence.

A

1) The capacity to learn
2) The ability to carry out abstract thinking
3) Problem solving skills
4) The capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and
deal effectively with the environment
5) The ability to undertake activities, characterized by
difficulty, complexity, abstractness, economy,
adaptiveness to a goal, social values, and emergence of
originals.

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6
Q

Verbal ability is reflected by:

A

Verbal skills

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7
Q

Problem solving skills are reflected by (as an example):

A

The search of

scientists for the cure for cancer

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8
Q 
The ability to learn from and adapt to every day life is
reflected by (as an example):
A

Adaptation of handicapped child to their inability to walk

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9
Q

When did the assessment of intelligence begin and by who?

A

1904; Alfred Binet

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10
Q

What did Alfred Binet do?

A

Devised scales of what an average (for example) 5 year old can do and named it mental age (different from chronological age).

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11
Q

The mental age and the chronological age were combined in one index of brightness, known as:

A

The intelligence quotient (I.Q.)

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12
Q

What is the formula for I.Q.?

A

I.Q.=(Mental age/Chronological age) x 100

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13
Q

When did multiple intelligences begin and by who?

A

1991; H. Gardner

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14
Q

What are the types of intelligences? Briefly explain each one.

A

1) Linguistic: Uses language effectively (reading & writing
2) Mathematical: Reasoning (calculation & puzzles)
3) Spatial: Environment, drawing, orientation
4) Kinesthetic: Use body (dance, sports)
5) Musical: Sensitive to sound and rhythm
6) Interpersonal: Friendly, good at communicating
7) Intrapersonal: Knows own goals, motivated
8) Naturalistic/spiritual: Loves nature, dreamer

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15
Q

What is Visual-Spatial intelligence?

A

Able to think in
terms of physical space, like architects and sailors, and are very aware of their
environments.

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16
Q

What do people with Visual-Spatial intelligence like to do?

A

1) Draw
2) Jigsaw puzzles
3) Read maps
4) Daydream.

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17
Q

How can people with Visual-Spatial intelligence be taught?

A

1) Through drawings
2) Verbal and physical imagery.
3) Tools, such as models, graphics, charts, photographs, 3-D modeling, video, videoconferencing,
television, multimedia, and texts.
with pictures/charts/graphs.

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18
Q

What is Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence?

A

Able to use the body effectively, like a

dancer or a surgeon and has a keen sense of body awareness.

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19
Q

What do people with Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence like?

A

1) Movement
2) Making things
3) Touching

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20
Q

How do people with Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence communicate best?

A

Through body language

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21
Q

How can people with Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence be taught?

A 
1) Through physical
activity
2) Hands-on learning
3) Acting out/role playing
4) Tools include equipment and real objects.
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22
Q

What is Musical intelligence?

A 
They show sensitivity
to rhythm and sound. They
love music, but they are
also sensitive to sounds in
their environments. They
may also study better with
music in the background.
23
Q

How can people with Musical intelligence be taught?

A

1) By turning lessons into lyrics
2) Speaking rhythmically
3) Tapping out time
4) Tools include musical
instruments, music, radio,
stereo, CD-ROM, and
multimedia.

24
Q

What is Interpersonal intelligence?

A

They’re understanding, and interact with others.
They have many friends,
empathy for others, and street smart.

25
Q

How do people with Interpersonal intelligence learn best?

A

Through interaction.

26
Q

How can people with Interpersonal intelligence be taught?

A

1) Through group activities
2) Seminars
3) Dialogues
4) Tools include the telephone, audio
conferencing, time and
attention from the
instructor, video
conferencing, writing,
computer conferencing, and Email.

27
Q

What is Intrapersonal intelligence?

A

The ability to understand one’s own interests and goals. They tend to shy away from others. They’re in tune with their inner feelings; they have wisdom, intuition, motivation, strong will, confidence, and
opinions.

28
Q

How can people with Intrapersonal intelligence be taught?

A 
1) Through independent
study and introspection.
2) Tools include books,
creative materials, diaries,
privacy and time.
29
Q

Which intelligence type is the most independent of the learners?

A

Intrapersonal intelligence

30
Q

What is Linguistic intelligence?

A 
The ability to use words
effectively. These learners
have highly developed
auditory skills and often
think in words.
31
Q

What do people with Linguistic intelligence like?

A

1) Reading
2) Playing word games
3) Making up poetry or
stories.

32
Q

How can people with Linguistic intelligence be taught?

A

1) By encouraging them to say and see words
2) Read books
together
3) Tools include
computers, games,
multimedia, books, tape
recorders, and lectures.

33
Q

What is Logical-Mathematical intelligence?

A

Ability to use reasoning and calculating. They think conceptually, abstractly, and are able to see and explore patterns and relationships.

34
Q

What do people with Logical-Mathematical intelligence like?

A

1) To experiment
2) Solve puzzles
3) Ask cosmic questions.

35
Q

How can people with Logical-Mathematical intelligence be taught?

A

1) Through logic games
2) Investigations
3) Mysteries

36
Q

Which intelligence type needs to learn and
form concepts before they
can deal with details?

A

Logical-Mathematical intelligence

37
Q

What I.Q. range denotes mild mental retardation?

A

50-69

38
Q

What I.Q. range denotes moderate mental retardation?

A

35-49

39
Q

What I.Q. range denotes severe mental retardation?

A

20-34

40
Q

What I.Q. range denotes profound mental retardation?

A

<20

41
Q

What are the differences in intelligence between sexes?

A

Few differences; women show inferior problem solving and have more difficulty in shifting set

42
Q

What are the differences in intelligence between socioeconomic statuses?

A 
1) Rural children attain lower
average IQ than city children. 
2) High socioeconomic
class children get higher scores in IQ tests than low
socioeconomic class children.
43
Q

What are the differences in intelligence between races?

A

There is no real IQ difference between races; more difference is intraracial.

44
Q

I.Q. is:

A

fairly stable over time

45
Q

What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

A

A widely used individual test administered by specially trained testers.

46
Q

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) has 2 scales, which are:

A

1) 6 Verbal

2) 5 Performance

47
Q

What are the 6 verbal scales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

A

1) Information
2) Arithmetic
3) Similarities
4) Digit span
5) Comprehension
6) Vocabulary

48
Q

What are the 5 performance scales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

A

1) Picture arrangement
2) Picture completion
3) Block design
4) Object assembly
5) Digit symbol

49
Q

The validity and reliability of WAIS are ___(low/high).

A

High

50
Q

Most people (__) score between:

A

70%; 90-110.

51
Q

What factor causes more similarity in tested intelligence?

A

The closer the genetic relationship is.

52
Q

The average correlation between parents IQ and their children is __, adopted children __, monozygotic twins __, and dizygotic twins __.

A

50; 25; 90; 55.

53
Q

What makes a difference in intelligence?

A

Environment (nutritional health, quality of stimulation, emotional climate, and feedback elicited by behavior).

54
Q

People who participated in head start programs (2-5 year olds from poor homes) scored __ points higher than those who didn’t participate.

A

10

CNS Behavior (4 decks)

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