Lecture 2/11 numbers Flashcards
What type of baroreceptors are located on the bifurcation of the carotid artery?
The bifurcation is also known as the carotid _____
- Carotid baroreceptors
- Carotid sinus
The baroreceptors that are located in the aortic arch are called _____ and are a product of the _____ nerve
- Aortic arch baroreceptors
- Vagus
Carotid baroreceptors are attached to the brainstem via the ______ nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Epi to norepinephrine ratio?
Where are these catecholamines released from?
4:1; Epinephrine : Norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine is the main pressor of the CV system
(Lecture 2/11)
Vasopressin is typically released based on changes in _____
osmolarity
What is the controller of aldosterone?
RAAS
In low pressure portions of the circulation, there are stretch receptors located in the _______ and ____
- Atria
- Large veins leading up to atria
True or false: There is a direct neural connection between the low pressure stretch sensors and kidneys
TRUE!
Two ways stretch sensors communicate with kidneys
- Direct neural pathway
- Hormones (ANP/ANF)
Where is ANP/ANF formed?
Right and left atrium; predominantly right
How long do BNP/ANP work as natriuretics
1 week or two….
Where was BNP originally discovered? Found second?
Found originally in brain then discovered where its coming from (ventricles) second
Normal HCT
0.4
What fraction of TBW is ICF?
2/3
What fraction of TBW is ECF?
1/3
What fraction of ECF is plasma?
1/4-1/5
What fraction of ECF is interstitial fluid?
3/4- 4/5
If I have 5L of blood, how much is plasma and how much is HCT?
3L plasma (0.6)
2L HCT (0.4)
Oncotic pressure of blood
28 mmHg
What three components make up the oncotic pressure of blood?
Albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin
Stretch relaxation impacts the blood pressure following a fluid bolus in ___ to ___ minutes
10-15
If I give a fluid bolus, ___-___ % will stay in CV system and the rest will go to interstitium
20-25%
Strongest SNS CV system reflex
CNS ischemic response
SNS repsonses have a <___ second response time
30 seconds
Arterial blood should have ___ mL of O2 per dL of blood
20 mL O2 / dL blood
Venous blood should have ___ mL of O2 per dL of blood
15 mL O2 / dL blood
In a normal healthy patient, how many mL of O2 are dropped off per dL of blood?
5 mL O2 / dL of blood
How:
Arterial: 20 mL O2 / dL blood - venous 15 mL O2 / dL blood = 5 mL O2/ dL
One deciliter is what fraction of a liter
1/10
IF each dL of blood is delivering 5 ml of O2 and our oxygen consumption per minute is 250 mL O2 / min. What is our cardiac output?
5L (50 dL)
The entire system uses 250 and each dL of blood delivers 5. The body is using 250 mls/ minute and each dL is delivering 5 ml.
Therefore, 250 / 5 = 50 dL of blood / min
The amount of oxygen our body uses per minute in someone who is a healthy average adult (not 8 ft tall) is about _____ of O2 per minute
250 ml O2 / min
Normal cardiac output is five liters per minute at baseline. If we were to increase cardiac output to 25 liters per minute, that would be equivalent to a cardiac reserve of ____%
400%
25 - 5 = 20
20 / 5 = 4
so 400%
Normal cardiac output is five liters per minute at baseline. If we were to increase cardiac output to 30 liters per minute, that would be equivalent to a cardiac reserve of ____%
30 - 5 = 25
25/5 = 5
so 500%
___ - ___% of the population that has been estimated to have a congenital bicuspid valve.
1-2
This lead singer of U2 had a congenital bicuspid valve that developed into an aortic aneurysm
Bono
