Exam 1 Flashcards
Normal MAP
100
Normal SBP
120
Normal DBP
80
MAP formula
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
Pcap at arterial end
30 mmHg
Pcap at venous end
10 mmHg
Delta P in the capillaries
20 mmHg
BP at end of systemic circulation (aka right atrium)
0 mmHg
BP at the start of the systemic circulation (aka aorta)
100 mmHg
Delta P of the systemic circulation
100 mmHg
MAP in pulmonary artery (PAP or mPAP)
16 mmHg
BP in pulmonary artery
25/8
BP at the end of pulmonary circuit (aka left atrium)
2 mmHg
Delta P of the entire pulmonary circuit
14 mmHg
16 mmHg (mPAP) - 2 mmHg (left atrium)
Pulse pressure
SBP - DBP
What is the pulse pressure of the aorta?
40 mmHg
120-80 mmHg
Delta P of the systemic circulation
100 mmHg
Compliance equation
Delta V / Delta P
Peak systolic right ventricular pressure
25 mmHg
RVP during diastole
closer to 0 mmHg
Normal CO and formula
5L/min
SV x HR
Normal HR
72 BPM
Normal SV
70 mL
Height of fluid to pressure conversion equation
13.6 mm = +1 mmHg
OR
1.36 cm = +1 mmHg
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the umbilicus
22 mmHg
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the knee
40 mmHg
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the base of the foot
90 mmHg
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the superior saggital sinuses
-10 mmHg
*subatmospheric
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the neck veins
0 mmHg
Pressure in a large vein at the level of the upper arm
between 6-8 mmHg
SVR normal range
800-1600 dynes/sec/cm^5
Reynolds # greater than ____ indicates we are going to have turbulent flow
2000
Arterial volume is about..
700 mL
Atrial contraction gives us an extra ___mL of blood during the filling of phase I
10
How many mLs of blood does the ventricle fill with during phase I
70 mL
In someone with HF, we may be dependent on ___% of the volume in the ventricle coming from atrial contraction
25
Normal ESV
50 mL
Normal EDV
120 mL
Normal stroke volume
70 ml/min
With atrial pressure and normal PSF we typically max out our venous return at
6L/min
Average filling pressure (PSF)
7 mmHg
Normal CO curve plateau is at ___L/min and a RAP of ___
13L/min at a RAP of 4
Direct atrial stretch can increase the HR by ____ % of normal
10-15%
Bainbridge reflex can raise HR by _____%
40-50%
In someone who is reasonably healthy and does not do a lot of training, their CO will max out around ____L/min with max sympathetic stimulation
23-25
An elite athlete may have a CO that plateaus at ____ L/min
40
CI equation
CO/BSA
a 70 kg adult should have a BSA of
1.7 m^2
Normal 70 kg pt CI
3L/min/m^2
5 / 1.7 = 2.94
Our CI maxes out at ___ L/min/m^2 at age ___
4
age 10
CI of a reasonably healthy 80 year old pt
2.4 L/min/m^2
Mean circulatory filling pressure
7 mmHg
Normal intrapleural pressure in mmHg and cm H20
-4 mmHg
-5 cm H2O
CBF in ml/min
225 ml/min
Normal Coronary blood flow - weight based
70 mL/min/100 g muscle
PVR range
40-180
How to get from PRU to miller numbers
PRU x 1333
Systemic circulation resistance in PRU
1 PRU
Pulmonary resistance in PRU
0.14 (1/7 of systemic circulation)
The set up in which the PDA is the main branch off of the RCA on the posterior base of the heart accounts for ___% of people
75
About ___% of people have left coronary dominance
15
Which heart sound should be the longest?
How long is it?
High or low pitch?
S1
0.14 seconds
low pitch
How long is S2?
High or low pitch?
0.11 seconds
High pitch
If we are entirely healthy and young, we can hear down to __ hertz
20
EF equation
SV/EDV
or
EDV-ESV divided by EDV
Normal EF and how did you get it?
70/120 =0.583
so about 58%
Eccentric CM has thick or thin walls?
thin
Concentric CM has thick or thin walls?
thick
think concentric rings on a tree
The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone; ___% of that is T4 / thyroxine
93%
How many iodides are attached to T4?
4!
(giving you an easy one)
This laryngeal nerve passes under the aortic arch
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
It is more inferior than the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone; ___% of that is T3 (triiodothyronine)
7%
What amount of iodine is required in our diet to keep our thyroid happy and prevent goiters?
50 mg/yr
How long does it take for thyroid hormone to start manifesting as changes in your patient? When is the peak?
6-8 hours to work
10 days to peak
How many L of blood in a healthy 70 kg adult?
5L
What isotope of iodine is used for radioactive iodine?
I^131
If we removed 10% of the animals blood, how is CO and BP impacted?
They aren’t; they are still normal
If we removed 20% of the animals blood, how is CO and BP impacted?
Arterial BP normal
CO low
Survivable if healthy
If a patient has 5L of blood, what is 10% of that?
0.5L
If a patient has 5L of blood, what is 20% of that?
1L
In someone who is entirely healthy, we can survive a blood loss of ___%. Once we get past that point the outcome is a little more dicey
20
In the hemorrhagic shock diagram, we notice that the animals could survive having blood withdrawn as long as the blood being withdrawn did not cause a drop in pressure past ___% of the normal pressure.
50
In the hemorrhagic shock diagram, we notice that the animals did not survive having blood withdrawn when the amount of blood withdrawn caused a drop in pressure <___% of the normal pressure.
45
Peripheral resistance equation for mmhg/l/min
pvr= art bp-rap/co
RVR equation
Psf-rap/co
EF equation
SV/EDV
EF equation
SV/EDV
RBF
RBF = RPF / 1-HCT
Velocity equation
V=F/A
Vascular distensibility / expandability
Reynolds number numerators
Density (p) diameter (d) and velocity (v)
Mixed vasodilator
Nitric oxide donors; nitroprusside
TRH from hypothalamus
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
T3 name
Triiodothyronine
