Lecture 2 Flashcards
Tibia
Principal weight bearing bone of lower leg
Medial Malleous
Fibula
Long thin bone, lateral to tibia,
Primarily for muscle attachment
Lateral malleolus
Talus
Rests on calcaneus
Main weight bearing bone of ankle joint
Talar dome
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Largest tarsal bone
Talocrural joint
Synovial (joint capsule surrounded)
Hinge (flexion/extension)
Eversion and inversion is a result of subtalar joint between talus and calcaneus.
Mortise and tenon
Mortise is the top (Tibia )
Tenon is the bottom (Talus)
Very stable
Tibia & fibular
Syndesmosis.
AITFL + PITFL
Interosseus membrane . Hold tibia and fibular together.
Talus
Wider anteriorly
More stable in dorsiflexion
Ankle muscle anterior
Tibilais anterior
EHL EDL
Dorsiflexsion, in/eversion
Ankle muscle posterior
Gastrocnemius and soleus
plantar flexion
Posterior medial
Tibialis posterior (inversion / plantar flexion FHL FDL
Laterally
Peroneus longus, brevi, tertius
Eversion
Tibialias anterior
Dorsiflextion + slight inversion
EDL
Toe 2- 5
Dorsiflextion / eversion
EHL
1st toe
Dorsiflextion + slight inversion
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion + flexion of knee
Soleus
Plantar flexion of ankle
FDL 2-5
Plantar flexion +weak inversion
2-5
Plantar flexion + weak inversion
FHL
1st toe flexion
Plantar flexion + weak inversion
Tibialis posterior
Inversion and plantar flexion
Peroneus longus
Eversion
Plantar flexion
Peroneus brevis
Eversion
Plantar flexion
Plantar flexion =
Gastrocnemius Soleus FDL FHL Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Plantaris Tibialis posterior
Dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
EDL EHL
Inversion
Tibialis posterior
FDL
FHL
Eversion
Peroneus longus
Peronus Brevis
EDL
Proprioception
Sense of body positioning without the aid of vision
Kinaethesia
Awareness of position and movement of body parts using proprioceptive sensory organs
3 basic types of proprioceptor neurons in vertebrates
Muscle spindle : found in skeletal muscle fibres
Golgi tendon organs: interface of muscle and tendons
Joint receptors : found in joint capsule surrounding synovial joints
Ankle assessments
History of current injury Past injury Compare injured vs non injured Observation ROM Ligament test Functional tests Palpation
Tendinopathy (anything involving tendon )
Tendonitis,
tendinosis
Tenosynovitis
Strain vs sprain
Strain = muscle tendon Sprain = ligaments
Ottawa ankle rules
Pain over distal over 6cm inferior or posterior pole of med/lat malleolus
Cant bear weight cant walk properly
Ankle rehab
ROM Strengthening Balance /proprioception Running progression Return to sports
