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BPK 241 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of prevention

A
  1. Reducing of force
  2. Strengthening of body part
  3. screening of participants
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2
Q

Preventive medicine

A

promote health and well-being and prevent disease, disability and death.

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3
Q

Reduction of force

A

protective équipement, balanced opponents, taping, rules enforcement, facilities, technique development

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4
Q

strengthening of body parts

A

when, what strength vs endurance, how

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5
Q

Screening of participants

A

Why- determine if fit, establish athletes health

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6
Q

3 different types of preventative medicine

A
  1. Primary prevention
  2. secondary prevention
  3. tertiary prevention
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7
Q

Primary prevention

A
  • before injury
  • warm up
  • stretching
  • training
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8
Q

Secondary prevention

A
  • After injury
  • antibiotic
  • rehab
  • brace/taping
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9
Q

Tertiary prevention

A
  • things we do when original function cannot be restored
  • reduce long term impairment
  • improve quality of life
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10
Q

importance of preparation

A

Decrease incidence and severity of injuries

how often, how serious

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11
Q

C.O= H.R x S.V

A

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume.

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12
Q

Strength training

A

lv 1 : Isometric ( muscle contract but not move).
lv 2: concentric (shortening of muscle)
lv3: eccentric (lengthening of muscle)

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13
Q

Gross vs Fine motor skill

A

Gross: bigger muscle group
Fine: more detail

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14
Q

Open vs close skills

A

Open: environment is constantly changing and athlete has to react. e.g Soccer
Close: not influenced by others. E.g Golf, archery

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15
Q

Protective measures

A

absorbs energy
disperse energy
deflects
limits excess movement

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16
Q

6 essential nutrients

A 
Protein 
Carbs
Fats
Vitamin 
minerals
water
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17
Q

Macro nutrients

A

Protein
carbs
fat

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18
Q

Micro nutrients

A

minerals
vitamins
water

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19
Q

Role of nutrients

A

growth, repair, and maintenance of all tissues
regulate body process
provide energy

20
Q

Protein

A

20-25%
4k cal /G
protein on own does not increase muscle mass
not primary source of fuel
extra consumed is burned as energy or stored as fat

21
Q

Carbs

A

55% - 60%
4k cal/ G
most efficiently broken down and metabolized form energy.
broken down and stored as glycogen

22
Q

fats

A

15-20%
9k cal/ G
most energy dense
primary fuel for moderate intensity exercise

23
Q

Vitamins and minerals

A

not metabolized for energy
play key role in metabolism of carbs and fats
involved in building of muscle protein in reponse to training

24
Q

Vitamin

A

ADEK - Fat soluble. excess stored in body fat.

BC- water soluble, excess is excreted in urine needs to be replenished

25
Q

Mineral

A

20 diff minerals in Body in liver and bones
some mineral need 100mg daily (sodium, Ca, MG, S)
some need 20 mg daily( Fe zinc, Iodine,

26
Q

water

A

used for digestion, temperature control, eliminating waste products, prevents dehydration
Hyperhydration : too much water
60% of body weight is water

27
Q

Dehydration

A

decrease volume of blood circulating through the body
the amount of blood pumped w each heartbeat decrease
exercising muscle don’t get enough oxygen
byproducts are not flushed out
exhausting set in and athletes performance decreases.

28
Q

signs/symptoms

A

Early: thirst, tiredness, headache, loss of appetite, dry mouth,
late: nausea, hot to touch, dizziness, lack of coordination, confusion, fainting

29
Q

external heat disorder

A

cramping: excessive sweating with sodium/mineral loss
Heat exhaustion: prolonged period of fluid loss by activity in high temp
Heat stroke: failure of thermoregulatory system
sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, flushed, hot skin, shallow breathing, rapid pulse. core temp of 106 degrees or higher

30
Q

joint types

A 
Hinge
saddle
facet
pivot
gliding
ball and socket
31
Q

Fracture types

A 
Open (bone sticking out vs closed  simple) 
Transverse
oblique
comminuted
spiral
greenstick
epiphyseal plate 
acute one action vs stress
32
Q

yield point

A

elasticity of tissue can no longer hold back stress, mechanical failure.

33
Q

Soft tissue injury repair

A

Acute inflammatory phase (0-72 hrs)
proliferation/repair phase (2 days - 6 weeks)
remodelling/ maturation phase (4-6 months)

34
Q

inflammation

A 
Rubor : increased blood flow(redness)
calor: increased blood flow (heat) 
tumor : swelling
dolor : pain
function lease : loss of function
35
Q

acute inflammatory phase

A 
0 - 72 horus
two primary component 
1. Vascular events
2. Cellular events 
Vascular and cellular reactions are mediated by chemical mediators
36
Q

Vascular events

A 
changes in blood flow 
Vasoconstriction : blood vessel constrict for a brief period
states increased blood viscosity. 
Vasodilation : increased blood flow and increased vascular permeability. 
1. blood vessels decreases
2. blood gets sticky
3. clots
4. increase blood to injured area
37
Q

Cellular events

A 
initiated by chemical mediators 
Margination
rolling
adhesion
migration -> chemotaxis
38
Q

diapedesis

A

process of white blood cells moving through a vascular wall

39
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Process of following chemical signals

40
Q

Macrophages

A

eats away at damaged tissues.

41
Q

inflammation terminology

A 
itis means inflammation
myositis : muscle inflammation
arthritis : joints
tendonitis: tendon
bursitis : bursa 
vasculitis: blood vessel
Dermatitis: skin
42
Q

proliferation/repair phase

A 
characterized by proliferation of capillaries ( neovascularization) and fibroblasts which synthesize granulation tissues aka scar tissue. 
collagen laid down in random fashion
type 3 collagen
Weak and susceptible to rein jury. 
Poorly vascularized & disorganized
43
Q

Remodelling/maturation phase

A

4 weeks - long time
long term process that involve realignment/maturation of collagen fibre.
Myofibroblast: re-orient collagen fibrils in the direction of loading
parallel to line o tension type 3 turns to type 1

44
Q

3 types of tissues

A

Labile : replace itself constantly (skin)

stable: smooth muscle, glands, connective tissues, lag phase
permanent: cardiac, skeletal muscle. Cannot region itself

45
Q

types of skin wound

A

1st intention: easy small scar

2nd intention: bigger, irregular,

46
Q

Factors that influence healing

A 
location of wound
extent of injury
swelling
hemooraghe 
poor vascular supply
separation tissue
muscle spasm
atrophy
infection

BPK 241 (3 decks)

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