Lecture 1B: Philosophy Flashcards
What are the goals of OMT for pneumonia?
Optimize rib motion- decreases the work of breathing and increases chest wall compliance
Ensure free motion of the diaphragm- generates optimal intrathoracic negative pressures for enhanced low-pressure circulatory flow
Assist lymphatic drainage- pumping techniques to facilitate uptake of lymph from interstitial tissues
Normalize autonomic nervous system tone- sympathetics and parasympathetics
Importance also placed on spine
Tenets of Osteopathy
- Human being is a dynamic unit of function
- The body has self-regulatory (homeostatic) mechanisms that are self-healing in nature.
- Structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) are interrelated
- Rational treatment is based on these principles
*Bodt gas self regulatory homeostatic mechanisms that are self healing (feedback loops)
5 Models of Osteopathic Medicine
- Biomechanical
- Respiratory Circulatory
- Metabolic
- Neurological
- Behavioral
Respiratory Circulatory Model
Structure (Anatomy)
Thoracic Inlet, thoracic and pelvic diaphragms, tentorium cerebelli, costal cage
Function (Physiology)
Respiration, circulation: arterial, venous,
interstitial, and lymphatic; low pressure circulation such as venous and lymphatic are vulnerable to myofascial hypertonicity.
What are diaphragms considered to be?
Transverse restrictions of motion
Metabolic Model
Anatomy (Structure)
Internal organs,
endocrine glands
Physiology (Function)
Metabolic processes, energy balance, and regulatory processes; immunological functions/inflammation; digestion and absorption of nutrients, and removal of waste
What would treatment using the metabolic energy model look like?
addressing nutritional deficiencies, utililization of medications/hormone replacement, education regarding diet and exercise across the age spectrum, and preventive health measures such as vaccines.
Neurological Model
Anatomy (Structure):
Brain, spinal cord,
autonomic nervous system,
peripheral nerves
Physiology (Function):
Control, coordination, and integration of body functions; protective mechanisms; sensation; viscerosomatic and somatovisceral reflexes
Goals of Neuro Model
•Goals include improved autonomic balance, “improve” facilitated segments (viscero-somatic reflexes), improve proprioception, decrease nociceptive load, relieve pain, and positively impact neuro-endocrine-immune function.
Behavioral Model
Anatomy (Structure):
Brain (body-mind-spirit)
Physiology (function):
Psychological and social
activities (e.g., anxiety, stress, work, family); habits (e.g.), sleep, drug abuse, sexual activities; values, attitudes, beliefs
Treatment for the behavioral model
•This includes emotional balancing, stress reduction techniques and coping mechanisms.•
Musculoskeletal system expresses emotions and feelings- role for OMT.
•Attempting to treat the patient with the disease, not just the disease.
Importance of Touch
•Oxytocin is released in response to touch
Oxytocin downregulates the HPA axis–Decreases cortisol–Anti stress–Enhances parasympathetic nervous system•
Lower blood pressure•
•Appears to improve pair bonding–Lactation, social bonding
How is the perception of touch transmitted in our brains?
It starts being processed in the spinal cord and brainstem…
•A significant amount of the signals ascend the spinal cord to reach the dorsal column nuclei
- On to the posterior thalamus and onto the postcentral gyrus of the parietal cortex.
Somatosensory Cortex- Hands have the highest representation
What are the different things you can feel during palpation?
- Skin temperature and texture changes- can signify altered blood flow due to state of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
- Skin roll test- superficial fascial resistance to skin rolling can signify acute or chronic dysfunction in region
- Skin Drag- can reflect sudomotor activity of SNS
- Subcutaneous tissue-fluid in tissues (edema) secondary to metabolic conditions or acute inflammation
- Turgor- hydration status
- Erythema test or Red reflex- prolonged redness reflects acute SNS activity/injury
