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Urinary > Lecture 19 - Embyrological Development > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Embyrological Development Flashcards

1
Q

What embryonic layer gives rise to the kidneys?

What part of this embryonic layer in particular?

A

Mesoderm

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What are the 3 systems that develop sequentially leading to the formation of the kidneys?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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3
Q

What region of the embryo does the pronephros first arise in?

A

Cervical region

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4
Q

Which embryonic layer gives rise to the bladder??

A

Endoderm

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5
Q

What is the purpose/function of the pronephros?

A

Has no function (not used)

Gives rise to the pronephric DUCT

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6
Q

How does the pronephric duct travel in the embryo?

A

From the cervical region where it’s formed down to the cloaca

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7
Q

What is the importance of the pronephric duct?
How does the name of the duct change and why?

A

Gives rise to mesonephric tububles caudal to the duct

As the pronephros degenerates it becomes the mesonephric duct

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8
Q

What 2 structures are considered the embryonic kidney?

What can this structure do?

A

Mesonephric tubules + Mesonephric duct = embryonic kidney

Can filter stuff out of body but can’t conserve water

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9
Q

What important structure does the mesonephric duct sprout/give rise to?

A

Ureteric bud

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10
Q

What does the ureteric bud give rise to?

A

Metanephros/kidney

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11
Q

What other important system (except for the urinary system) does the mesonephric duct have an important role in developing?

A

Male reproductive system

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12
Q

What is the name of the tissue which releases growth factors leading to the formation of the ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct?

A

Metanephric blastema

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13
Q

What structure gives rise to the collecting system?

What structure gives rise to nephrons?

A

Ureteric bud = collecting system

Metanephric blastema = nephron

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14
Q

What is considered the collecting system formed by which structure?

A

Ureteric bud

Collecting duct, major calyces, minor calyces and ureters

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15
Q

What structure forms the collecting system?

What is considered the collecting system?

A

Ureteric bud

Collecting duct, major calyces, minor calyces and ureters

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16
Q

What anatomical location does the Metanephric kidney first appear in?

A

Pelvic region

17
Q

How does the Metanephric kidney migrate? (where does it end up?)

What structures does it take with it as it does so?

A

Moves from caudal end to cranially
It takes arteries from teh aorta as it ascends to sit under the adrenal glands

18
Q

What congenital defect can occur if the ureteric bud fails to interact with the intermediate mesoderm/Metanephric blastema?

A

Renal agenesis
(Kidneys dont form)

19
Q

What are some other defects that can occur with kidney development that isn’t renal agenesis?

A

Abnomral migration
Duplication defects
Ectopic ureter
Cystic disease

20
Q

What is a pelvic kidney?

A

When a kidney gets trapped in the pelvic region

21
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney?

A

When the poles of the kidney fuse together so they’re in in the shape of a big horseshoe
This means they get caught by the inferior mesenteric artery on ascent

22
Q

What artery does a horseshoe kidney get stuck on on ascent?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

23
Q

What may happen if the ureteric bud splits too early?

A

Ectopic urethral openings
2 renal pelvises connecting to 1 ureter
Or 2 ureters connecting to 1 renal pelvis

24
Q

What is the dilated structure at the end of the hindgut called?

A

Cloaca

25
Q

What structre does the bladder and urethra come from?

A

Cloaca

26
Q

What is the important structure that separates urinary (bladder and urethra) development from GI tract development in the hindgut?

A

Urorectal septum

27
Q

What structures does the urorectal septum separate?

A

Urogential sinus
Anorectal canal

28
Q

What is the urachus?

What is the allantois?

A

Structure continuos with the urogential sinus formed from the Allantois

Structure where urine was initially drained from in the 1st trimester

29
Q

What 3 parts is the urogenital sinus split into?

A

Superior part connecting to umbilicus
Middle/pelivc part
Inferior/caudal part

30
Q

What does the superior pat of the Urogential sinus form?

A

Bladder

31
Q

What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

Females = urethra and some reproductive tract
Males = prostatic + membranous urethra

32
Q

What does the caudal/inferior part of the Urogential sinus form?

A

Females = part of female repro tract
Males = spongy urethra

33
Q

What part of the female reproductive tract is formed by teh lower part of teh urogential sinus?

What about male?

A

Clitoris
Penis/spongy urethra

34
Q

Briefly describe the formation of the female bladder and urethra:

A

Mesonephric ducts reach urogential sinus
Ureteric bud sprouts from mesonephric ducts
Urogenital sinus expands and mesonephric duct regresses
Ureteric bud opens into urogenital sinus

35
Q

What structure is formed by the mesonephric duct being absorbed/drawn into the bladder??

A

Trigone

36
Q

Briefly describe the formation of the male bladder and urethra

A

Mesonephric ducts (MD) reach urogenital sinus (UGS)
Ureteric bud sporuts from MD
Smoooth muscle appears and UGS expands
UB and MD make independant openings in UGS (trigone)

37
Q

Which stage of kidney development forms the Trigone?

A

Mesonephros

38
Q

What week of development is the kidney functional and ascending to secreted urine?

A

Week 10

39
Q

What week of development is the pronephros degraded by?

A

Week 4

Urinary (24 decks)

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