Lecture 19 - Embyrological Development Flashcards

1
Q

What embryonic layer gives rise to the kidneys?

What part of this embryonic layer in particular?

A

Mesoderm

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What are the 3 systems that develop sequentially leading to the formation of the kidneys?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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3
Q

What region of the embryo does the pronephros first arise in?

A

Cervical region

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4
Q

Which embryonic layer gives rise to the bladder??

A

Endoderm

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5
Q

What is the purpose/function of the pronephros?

A

Has no function (not used)

Gives rise to the pronephric DUCT

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6
Q

How does the pronephric duct travel in the embryo?

A

From the cervical region where it’s formed down to the cloaca

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7
Q

What is the importance of the pronephric duct?
How does the name of the duct change and why?

A

Gives rise to mesonephric tububles caudal to the duct

As the pronephros degenerates it becomes the mesonephric duct

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8
Q

What 2 structures are considered the embryonic kidney?

What can this structure do?

A

Mesonephric tubules + Mesonephric duct = embryonic kidney

Can filter stuff out of body but can’t conserve water

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9
Q

What important structure does the mesonephric duct sprout/give rise to?

A

Ureteric bud

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10
Q

What does the ureteric bud give rise to?

A

Metanephros/kidney

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11
Q

What other important system (except for the urinary system) does the mesonephric duct have an important role in developing?

A

Male reproductive system

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12
Q

What is the name of the tissue which releases growth factors leading to the formation of the ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct?

A

Metanephric blastema

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13
Q

What structure gives rise to the collecting system?

What structure gives rise to nephrons?

A

Ureteric bud = collecting system

Metanephric blastema = nephron

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14
Q

What is considered the collecting system formed by which structure?

A

Ureteric bud

Collecting duct, major calyces, minor calyces and ureters

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15
Q

What structure forms the collecting system?

What is considered the collecting system?

A

Ureteric bud

Collecting duct, major calyces, minor calyces and ureters

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16
Q

What anatomical location does the Metanephric kidney first appear in?

A

Pelvic region

17
Q

How does the Metanephric kidney migrate? (where does it end up?)

What structures does it take with it as it does so?

A

Moves from caudal end to cranially
It takes arteries from teh aorta as it ascends to sit under the adrenal glands

18
Q

What congenital defect can occur if the ureteric bud fails to interact with the intermediate mesoderm/Metanephric blastema?

A

Renal agenesis
(Kidneys dont form)

19
Q

What are some other defects that can occur with kidney development that isn’t renal agenesis?

A

Abnomral migration
Duplication defects
Ectopic ureter
Cystic disease

20
Q

What is a pelvic kidney?

A

When a kidney gets trapped in the pelvic region

21
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney?

A

When the poles of the kidney fuse together so they’re in in the shape of a big horseshoe
This means they get caught by the inferior mesenteric artery on ascent

22
Q

What artery does a horseshoe kidney get stuck on on ascent?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

23
Q

What may happen if the ureteric bud splits too early?

A

Ectopic urethral openings
2 renal pelvises connecting to 1 ureter
Or 2 ureters connecting to 1 renal pelvis

24
Q

What is the dilated structure at the end of the hindgut called?

25
What structre does the bladder and urethra come from?
Cloaca
26
What is the important structure that separates urinary (bladder and urethra) development from GI tract development in the hindgut?
Urorectal septum
27
What structures does the urorectal septum separate?
Urogential sinus Anorectal canal
28
What is the urachus? What is the allantois?
Structure continuos with the urogential sinus formed from the Allantois Structure where urine was initially drained from in the 1st trimester
29
What 3 parts is the urogenital sinus split into?
Superior part connecting to umbilicus Middle/pelivc part Inferior/caudal part
30
What does the superior pat of the Urogential sinus form?
Bladder
31
What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus form?
Females = urethra and some reproductive tract Males = prostatic + membranous urethra
32
What does the caudal/inferior part of the Urogential sinus form?
Females = part of female repro tract Males = spongy urethra
33
What part of the female reproductive tract is formed by teh lower part of teh urogential sinus? What about male?
Clitoris Penis/spongy urethra
34
Briefly describe the formation of the female bladder and urethra:
Mesonephric ducts reach urogential sinus Ureteric bud sprouts from mesonephric ducts Urogenital sinus expands and mesonephric duct regresses Ureteric bud opens into urogenital sinus
35
What structure is formed by the mesonephric duct being absorbed/drawn into the bladder??
Trigone
36
Briefly describe the formation of the male bladder and urethra
Mesonephric ducts (MD) reach urogenital sinus (UGS) Ureteric bud sporuts from MD Smoooth muscle appears and UGS expands UB and MD make independant openings in UGS (trigone)
37
Which stage of kidney development forms the Trigone?
Mesonephros
38
What week of development is the kidney functional and ascending to secreted urine?
Week 10
39
What week of development is the pronephros degraded by?
Week 4