Lecture 19: Dermatology diseases Flashcards
What is the clinical term for:
- small lump
- larger lump
- small water blister
- papule
- nodule
- vesicle
What is the clinical term for:
- redness
- non-palpable area of discolouration
- macule>2cm
- erythema/rubor
- macule
- patch
What is the clinical term for:
- itch
- thinning
- thread vein
- pruritus
- atrophy
- telangiectasias
What’s the clinical term for:
- thickened skin with exaggerated skin markings
- bruising
- too much hair
- too little hair
- lichenification
- ecchymoses
- hirsutism
- alopecia
what events result in inflammation?
- vasodilation
- increased microvascular permeability
- influx of leukocytes
What are the signs of inflammation?
Rubor = redness Tumor = size Calor = heat Dolor = mental suffering Functio laesa = lose capacity to function
What is psoriasis?
Inherited autoimmune disease where the T cells attack the keratinocytes.
What factors can trigger psoriasis?
skin injuries smoking/alcohol stress hormonal changes medication
What is eczema and what can cause it?
Chronic skin inflammation, usually flexural part of joints, due to allergies or contact with irritants.
What is malignant melanoma and how is it caused?
Skin cancer due to:
- excess sun exposure
- non-inherited mutations
- genetic predisposition
How would a malignant melanoma present?
Most occur in the trunk or legs where hyperpigmented lesion can be.
What is vitiligo and the cause of it?
An autoimmune condition where the skin is depigmented due to the lack of melanin secreted by the melanocytes. Neurochemicals increase reactive species so melanocytes destroy themselves.
What is alopecia areata?
Spot baldness caused by an autoimmune condition.
What is acne and the causes of it?
Skin condition that affects the sebaceous glands due to stress, hormones, menstrual cycle, medication.
A 28 yrs man presents with excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) due to excessive eccrine sweat gland activity whilst at rest.
Which cells contract to aid the secretory part of his eccrine sweat glands?
Eccrine glands are exocrine glands. Contractile myoepithelial cells surround the secretory portion of the blind-ended sweat gland tube in the dermis.
In which epidermal layer of thick skin does keratin synthesis first occur?
Stratum spinosum because keratin synthesis starts when lamellar bodies appear in differentiating keratinocytes.
When biopsies are done, keratin-surrounded desmosomes would pull away from the plasma membrane which is what gives the characteristic “spines”.
At which epidermal layer does the packaging and secretion of keratohyalin granules occur?
Stratum granulosum: golgi is needed for this but is typically found in the stratum spinosum. However, golgi increases in size to the stratum granulosum and this is where packaging and secretion occurs.
Granules = granulosum
A 42yrs woman has a suspected Schwannoma and her dermatologist presses a tuning fork vibrating at 128Hz in her right then left thigh. She is asked to describe the sensation.
Which sensory receptor is the dermatologist testing with this apparatus?
The Pacinian corpuscles
What is the correct Dermalogical term for:
- large water blister
- pus filled vesicle
- bulla(e)
- pustule
What is the correct Dermalogical term for:
- palpable, flat topped area>2cm
- scratch
- stretch
- plaque
- excoriation
- striation/striae
What is the correct Dermalogical term for:
- scaling
- loss of epidermis
- loss of epidermis & dermis
- scaling/ichthyosis
- erosion
- ulcer
