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Microbiology Test 5 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

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0
Q

Are defense mechanisms simple of complex

A

Complex

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1
Q

Freedom of disease

A

Immunity

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2
Q

The study of the body’s defense against invading pathogens: ability to search, recognize, and destroy

A

Immunology

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3
Q

Characteristics of innate immunity

A

Present from birth
“Nonspecific” limited range and specificity
Many forms
Rapid response, work very quickly

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4
Q

Characteristics of acquired immunity

A

Requires exposure
Highly adaptive, diverse, and specific
Slow at first, then fast (memory)

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5
Q

Major forms of acquired immunity

A

Antibodies and killer T cells

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6
Q

Three aspects to the first line of immune defenses

A

Physical
Chemical
Genetic

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7
Q

What does physical first line of defense include

A
  • skin and mucous membranes lining internal tracts=physical barrier
  • mechanical processes= shedding, mucocilliary escalator, coughing sneezing, tears& sweat, defecation. Intimation, vomiting
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8
Q

Chemical first line defenses

A
  • lysozyme in tears, saliva, and other secretions break down peptidoglycan
  • sebum produced by sebaceous glands=waterproofing protective oils and waxes of skin,hair, ears
  • mucus secretions of mucous membranes
  • low pH skin, stomach, vagina
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9
Q

Inherited variations that enhance resistance to infection

A

Genetic first line defenses

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10
Q

What line of defense is mucus

A

1st line of defense

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11
Q

What line of defense is inflammation

A

2nd line of defense

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12
Q

What line of defense are antibodies

A

3rd line of defense

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13
Q

What type of barrier is each of the following

Lysozyme
Skin
Normal microbiota
Mucocilliary escalator
CCR5 mutation
A 
Lysozyme- chemical barrier
Skin- physical barrier
Normal microbiota- biological barrier
Mucocilliary escalator-mechanical barrier
CCR5 mutation - genetic barrier
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14
Q

How does bone marrow contribute to innate immunity

A

Blood stem cells

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15
Q

How does the liver contribute to innate immunity

A

Produces complement

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16
Q

How does the spleen contribute to innate immunity

A

Recycles red cells

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17
Q

How do lymph nodes contribute to innate immunity

A

Filters lymph

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18
Q

How do skeletal muscles contribute to innate immunity

A

Propels lymph

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19
Q

Iron binding protein that inhibits microbial growth

A

Transferrin

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20
Q

Causes the redness and warmth. Associated with inflammation

A

Vasodilation

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21
Q

Enzyme present within lysosomes

A

Lysozyme

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22
Q

A cell that engulf and destroys microbes

A

Phagocyte

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23
Q

Pathogen associated molecular pattern abbreviation

A

PAMP

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24
Q

Anti microbial serum proteins

A

Complement

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25
Q

An anti-viral protein

A

Interferon

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26
Q

Fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome

A

Phagolysosome

27
Q

Movement of neutrophils from blood to tissue space

A

Diapedesis

28
Q

Example of a PAMP

A

Lipopolysaccharide

29
Q

Type of WBC that is first to arrive to site of infection

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

Present at birth

A

Innate

31
Q

Movement of cells toward cytokine

A

Chemotaxis

32
Q

An immunological hormone

A

Cytokine

33
Q

Traditional sign relating to the to the redness of inflammation

A

Rubor

34
Q

Beneficial up to 102 but dangerous above

A

Fever

35
Q

Specific, adaptive, diverse & powerful but slow

A

Some characteristics of third line defense

36
Q

CCR5 mutation is protective against what

A

HIV

37
Q

What is sickle cell allele protective against

A

Malaria

38
Q

What is cystic fibrosis protective against

A

Tuberculosis and cholera

39
Q

Susceptibility and resistance to infectious and autoimmune diseases

A

MHC alleles

40
Q

Where do second line innate defenses operate

A

In blood and tissues…after first line has been breached

41
Q

Do second line defenses respond slow or quick? Limited or broad?

A

Respond very quickly but are limited in diversity and specificity

42
Q

What does second line defenses consist of

A

Inflammation, phagocytes, complement, interferons, fever

43
Q

Second line defenses are internal and are active in most areas of the body except where

A

Cornea and fetus

44
Q

What are second line defenses mediated by

A
  • a complex array of WBC that originate in bone marrow and thymus
  • secreted proteins from liver and other cells
45
Q

What is fluid that contains WBC that bathes the tissues

A

Lymph

46
Q

What does direction does lymph travel

A

One direction only. From extremities toward the heart and then drains in the bloodstream

47
Q

Lymphatic system is a _____ way system.

_______ -> _______-> _______

A

One way system!

Lymph vessels to lymph nodes to dumped in blood

48
Q

How does lymph drain

A

Through lymph nodes. Small, encapsulated, bean-shaped organs

49
Q

GALT, MALT, SALT, BALT

A

Gut, mucosal, skin, and bronchial associated with lymph tissue

50
Q

Spleen is like a big lymph node that gets rid of what

A

Exhausted RBC

51
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

Heart, blood vessels, and approx 5 Liters of blood

52
Q

What dies the cardiovascular system transport

A

Rbc and WBC throughout the body also transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products

53
Q

What does fluid that escapes the circulatory system become

A

Extra cellular fluid and lymph

54
Q

What is the liquid portion of non clotted blood

A

Plasma

55
Q

Liquid portion of clotted blood

A

Serum-in serum clotting has happened

56
Q

What is the main component of plasma

A

Water-92%

57
Q

Types of WBC in cardiovascular system

A

Granulocytes or myeloid cells

Agranulocytes or lymphoid cells

58
Q

Contain secretory granules and often have irregularly shaped nucleus

A

Granulocytes or myeloid cells

59
Q

Contain very small or granules, regular shaped round nucleus, not much cytoplasm

A

Agranulocytes

60
Q

For every 600 RBC there are out ____ platlets and only 1 ______

A

600 RBC
40 platlets
1 WBC

61
Q

Chief functions of inflammation

A

Localize and destroy microbes, clear away harmful substances, repair tissue damage

62
Q

Classic signs and symptoms of inflammation

A

Rubor (redness)
Calor (warmth)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)

63
Q

What do cytokines do in inflammation

A

Secreted proteins that act as signals to influence the activity of other cells

64
Q

Type of cytokine produced and secreted by cells that have been infected with virus

A

Interferon

65
Q

Group of liver produced plasma proteins that can destroy bacteria and also certain fungi and viruses

A

Complement

Microbiology Test 5 (3 decks)

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