Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology Test 5 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

0
Q

Are defense mechanisms simple of complex

A

Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Freedom of disease

A

Immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of the body’s defense against invading pathogens: ability to search, recognize, and destroy

A

Immunology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of innate immunity

A

Present from birth
“Nonspecific” limited range and specificity
Many forms
Rapid response, work very quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of acquired immunity

A

Requires exposure
Highly adaptive, diverse, and specific
Slow at first, then fast (memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major forms of acquired immunity

A

Antibodies and killer T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three aspects to the first line of immune defenses

A

Physical
Chemical
Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does physical first line of defense include

A
  • skin and mucous membranes lining internal tracts=physical barrier
  • mechanical processes= shedding, mucocilliary escalator, coughing sneezing, tears& sweat, defecation. Intimation, vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical first line defenses

A
  • lysozyme in tears, saliva, and other secretions break down peptidoglycan
  • sebum produced by sebaceous glands=waterproofing protective oils and waxes of skin,hair, ears
  • mucus secretions of mucous membranes
  • low pH skin, stomach, vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inherited variations that enhance resistance to infection

A

Genetic first line defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What line of defense is mucus

A

1st line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What line of defense is inflammation

A

2nd line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What line of defense are antibodies

A

3rd line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of barrier is each of the following

Lysozyme
Skin
Normal microbiota
Mucocilliary escalator
CCR5 mutation
A 
Lysozyme- chemical barrier
Skin- physical barrier
Normal microbiota- biological barrier
Mucocilliary escalator-mechanical barrier
CCR5 mutation - genetic barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does bone marrow contribute to innate immunity

A

Blood stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the liver contribute to innate immunity

A

Produces complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the spleen contribute to innate immunity

A

Recycles red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do lymph nodes contribute to innate immunity

A

Filters lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do skeletal muscles contribute to innate immunity

A

Propels lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Iron binding protein that inhibits microbial growth

A

Transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes the redness and warmth. Associated with inflammation

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enzyme present within lysosomes

A

Lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A cell that engulf and destroys microbes

A

Phagocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pathogen associated molecular pattern abbreviation

A

PAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Anti microbial serum proteins
Complement
25
An anti-viral protein
Interferon
26
Fusion of a phagosome and a lysosome
Phagolysosome
27
Movement of neutrophils from blood to tissue space
Diapedesis
28
Example of a PAMP
Lipopolysaccharide
29
Type of WBC that is first to arrive to site of infection
Neutrophils
30
Present at birth
Innate
31
Movement of cells toward cytokine
Chemotaxis
32
An immunological hormone
Cytokine
33
Traditional sign relating to the to the redness of inflammation
Rubor
34
Beneficial up to 102 but dangerous above
Fever
35
Specific, adaptive, diverse & powerful but slow
Some characteristics of third line defense
36
CCR5 mutation is protective against what
HIV
37
What is sickle cell allele protective against
Malaria
38
What is cystic fibrosis protective against
Tuberculosis and cholera
39
Susceptibility and resistance to infectious and autoimmune diseases
MHC alleles
40
Where do second line innate defenses operate
In blood and tissues...after first line has been breached
41
Do second line defenses respond slow or quick? Limited or broad?
Respond very quickly but are limited in diversity and specificity
42
What does second line defenses consist of
Inflammation, phagocytes, complement, interferons, fever
43
Second line defenses are internal and are active in most areas of the body except where
Cornea and fetus
44
What are second line defenses mediated by
- a complex array of WBC that originate in bone marrow and thymus - secreted proteins from liver and other cells
45
What is fluid that contains WBC that bathes the tissues
Lymph
46
What does direction does lymph travel
One direction only. From extremities toward the heart and then drains in the bloodstream
47
Lymphatic system is a _____ way system. | _______ -> _______-> _______
One way system! | Lymph vessels to lymph nodes to dumped in blood
48
How does lymph drain
Through lymph nodes. Small, encapsulated, bean-shaped organs
49
GALT, MALT, SALT, BALT
Gut, mucosal, skin, and bronchial associated with lymph tissue
50
Spleen is like a big lymph node that gets rid of what
Exhausted RBC
51
What does the cardiovascular system consist of
Heart, blood vessels, and approx 5 Liters of blood
52
What dies the cardiovascular system transport
Rbc and WBC throughout the body also transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products
53
What does fluid that escapes the circulatory system become
Extra cellular fluid and lymph
54
What is the liquid portion of non clotted blood
Plasma
55
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum-in serum clotting has happened
56
What is the main component of plasma
Water-92%
57
Types of WBC in cardiovascular system
Granulocytes or myeloid cells | Agranulocytes or lymphoid cells
58
Contain secretory granules and often have irregularly shaped nucleus
Granulocytes or myeloid cells
59
Contain very small or granules, regular shaped round nucleus, not much cytoplasm
Agranulocytes
60
For every 600 RBC there are out ____ platlets and only 1 ______
600 RBC 40 platlets 1 WBC
61
Chief functions of inflammation
Localize and destroy microbes, clear away harmful substances, repair tissue damage
62
Classic signs and symptoms of inflammation
Rubor (redness) Calor (warmth) Tumor (swelling) Dolor (pain)
63
What do cytokines do in inflammation
Secreted proteins that act as signals to influence the activity of other cells
64
Type of cytokine produced and secreted by cells that have been infected with virus
Interferon
65
Group of liver produced plasma proteins that can destroy bacteria and also certain fungi and viruses
Complement

Microbiology Test 5 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions