Lecture 18 - urolithiasis Flashcards
1
Q
Cause of calculi
A
Metabolic - Hypercalcuria - causes salt to chrystallise
Diet - High salt and obesity
Medication - furosemide
Genetic - Hyperoxaluria, cystinuria
urinary infection- klebsiella. psuedomonas
2
Q
Diagnosis of urinary calculi
A
Loin to groin pain
Haematuria - dipstick
CT KUB (1st line) - stone size and position or alternative diagnosis
3
Q
Treatment of calculi
A
Dependent on stone size, location and composition
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy - kidney stone
- Uteroscopy
- Open surgery/ nephrectomy
4
Q
Hyperoxaluria
A
Excessive urinary excretion of oxalate
5
Q
Urate stone
A
High density stones - radiolucent
Treated first line with alkalisation
Fairly resistant to ESWL
6
Q
Indications for ESWL
A
If less than 2cm
Localised with imaging
7
Q
Where is ESWL done
A
T11 to T12 in the mid axillary line
