lecture 18- selection and fitness

Question 1

what is fitness

Answer 1

the ability to survive and reproduce

Question 2

what must successful phenotypes be

Answer 2

viable ( reach adulthood ) and fertile

Question 3

how to measure absolute fitness

Answer 3

total number of offspring an individual contributes to the next generation

Question 4

how to measure relative fitness

Answer 4

compare each individuals absolute fitness to a bench mark value

Question 5

how to measure genotype fitness

Answer 5

estimated by the fitness of different genotypes at a locus of interest average number of offspring is calculated

Question 6

how to predict genotype contribution

Answer 6

for genotypes to contribute to the next generation its dependent on their frequency and their fitness

Question 7

how does natural selection change from generation to generation

Answer 7

it gets weaker

Question 8

what is directional selection

Answer 8

selection moving towards the most advantageous allele

Question 9

how is selection balanced

Answer 9

immune genes are under selection -heterozygosity is optimal

Question 10

what is negative selection

Answer 10

removal of alleles that arent advantageous