lecture 17 - evolutionary genetics Flashcards
what is an indel
a mutation between two populations
core concept 1
if we have the observed genotype frequencies of a population we can calculate the allele frequency
how to calculate allele frequency
F(A)= F(AA)+F(AB)/2
core concept 2
if we know the allele frequency of a population we can predict the expected genotype frequencies
what is the Hardy -Weinburg principle
p^2 +2qp+2q^2 = 1
what are the violations to random mating
geography and phenotype
what causes population change
mutations, gene flow , genetic drift and selection
what is a mutation
change in allele frequency
what is genetic drift
sampling error -> alleles are sampled at random from the gene pool to contribute to the next generation
what is gene flow
the movement of genetic material from one population to another
what is a population bottleneck
reduction in overall population size due to stress
what is a founder effect
isolation of a small fraction of the population from the largest group
