Lecture 18 - Coding and Noncoding RNA Flashcards
An example of alternative splicing of mRNA being an important modifier of gene function is what?
Tsar Nicholas Romanov of Russia. Defect in splice site caused inactivation of hemophilia gene.
What is the concept of collinearity?
States that a continuous sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Noncolinearity of eukaryotic genes is caused by?
hybridizing DNA and mRNA.
A mature mRNA contains what?
5’ UTR - protein-coding region - 3’ UTR
Pre-mRNA processing includes what?
addition of the 5’ cap
addition of the poly(A) tail
splicing of pre-mRNA requires?
Consensus sequences.
RNA splicing takes place within the?
spliceosome.
If a splice site were mutated so that splicing did not take place, what would the effect be on the protein encoded by the mRNA.
A. It would be shorter than normal
B. It would be longer than normal
C. It would be the same length but would have different amino acids.
A. It would be shorter than normal
pre-mRNA encoded by the gene for ____ undergoes alternative processing depending on the tissue.
Calcitonin
RNA editing occurs after what and is carried out by what?
transcription ; guide RNAs (serves as a template)
What is the function of dicer?
cleaves double-stranded RNA and pre-microRNA into short double stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA respectively
What is RISC?
RNA-induced silencing complex
What are Small interfering RNAs? (siRNA)
class of double-stranded RNA molecules similar to miRNA that interfere with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading mRNA after transcription, preventing translation.
In RNA silencing, siRNAs and miRNAs usually bind to which part of the mRNA molecules they control? A. 5' UTR B. the segment that encodes amino acids C. 3' poly (A) tail D. 3' UTR
D. 3’ UTR
All tRNAs possess this common secondary structure?
cloverleaf structure.
