Lecture 18/19 Flashcards

1
Q

Collagen?

A

Structural proteins that hold both cells and bodies

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2
Q

What are two defining characteristics of animals?

A

Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

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3
Q

Chemoheterotrophic?

A

Obtain food from chemical, but cannot produce their own carbon based food (consumes other organisms)

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4
Q

Sexual reproduction?

A

Motile haploid sperm fuses with large non-motile haploid egg to make diploid zygote

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5
Q

Cleavage?

A

Mitotic cell divisions in diploid zygote

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6
Q

Cleavage leads to?

A

Formation of hollow blastula (multicellular)

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7
Q

Blastula undergoes?

A

gastrulation

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8
Q

Gastrulation?

A

The forming of a gastrula with different embryonic layers.

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9
Q

Protostomes?

A

Spiral cleavage

Determinate

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10
Q

Determinate?

A

New cell is destined to form parts in later embryo

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11
Q

Deuterostomes?

A

Radial cleavage

Indeterminate

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12
Q

Indeterminate?

A

Early cells not differentiated

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13
Q

Protostomia?

A

First part of gastrula becomes mouth

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14
Q

Deuterostomia?

A

First part of gastrula becomes anus

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15
Q

Homeobox?

A

Highly conserved nucleotide sequence

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16
Q

Radial symmetry?

A

No front and back, left and right

17
Q

Bilateral symmetry?

A

Two sided symmetry

18
Q

Cephalization?

A

the development of a head (CNS)

19
Q

Benefits of bilateral symmetry?

A
  • quicker response to stimuli in environment
  • better able to search of food
  • better defenses capabilities
20
Q

Skin and nervous system is derived from?

21
Q

Muscles and organs are derived from?

22
Q

Gut derived from?

23
Q

Most triploblastic organisms have?

A

Fluid filled body cavity

24
Q

Coelom?

A

Derived from mesoderm, true body cavity

25
Coelomates?
Animals that have a true coelom
26
Pseudocoelomate?
animals that lack a complete mesodermal lining
27
Acoelomate?
Animals that lack a mesodermal lining entirely
28
Coelom function?
Cushions internal organs from blows to outside the body | Allows internal organs to grow and shift without deforming outside the body
29
Common ancestor of animals resembled?
Choanoflagellates (heterotrophic protist)
30
Colonial hypothesis?
Colony of choanoflagellates may have evolved into an animal with endo and ectodermal layers
31
Evidence of the hypothesis being correct?
Collar cells in sponges identical to choanoflagellate cells | Similar cells found in jellyfish, flatworms, flatworms
32
Advantages of multicellularity
* Foraging: improved handling & feeding of prey (size and coordination) * Defense: less likely to get eaten * Specialization of tasks (sensory, digestion)
33
Disadvantages of multiceullarity?
* Most cells don't reproduce -support few do | * Requires cooperation - opportunities to cheat (ex: cancer cells)
34
Diffusion?
Random molecule motion from high to low concentration
35
Evolution of Bulk Flow?
Active transport of oxygen, nutrients, and other molecules in large quantities