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Surgery 3 > Lecture 17: Sx of the Carpus, MC, & Phalanges (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Sx of the Carpus, MC, & Phalanges (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Wat occurs when foot is positioned such that palmar surface of metacarpus contacts the ground

A

palmigrade

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3
Q

Definition

outward deviation of the foot

A

valgus position

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4
Q

Definition

Inward deviation

A

varus position

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5
Q

What is this showing

A

palmigrade stance

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6
Q

Carpal fractures are rare in companion animal but often disabling because the carpal joint serves as what

A

major weight bearing structure

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7
Q

Most frequently diagnosed fracture of carpal bones in companion animal is?

A

radial carpal fracture

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8
Q

Radial carpal bones fractures may involve chronic lameness WITHOUT history of trauma so it is speculated these fractures are a result of what?

A

incomplete ossification of radial carpal bone

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9
Q

What Is the most common breeds to have chronic radial carpal fractures

A

boxers and sporting breeds

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10
Q

What type of fracture is most commonly seen in greyhounds and sled dogs (rare in other companion animals)

A

accessory carpal bone fracture

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11
Q

Accessory carpal bone fracture is most common in what leg & What direction

A
  • right leg
  • counterclockwise direction of racin g
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12
Q

Fill in the ?s

Accessory carpal fractures are considered ? injuries

A

avulsion

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13
Q

Is this acute or chronic fracture of the carpus

  • Weight-bearing lameness (which may be intermittent)
  • Reduced carpal range of motion
  • Soft tissue swelling
A

Chronic

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14
Q

Is this acute or chronic fracture of the carpus

  • Non-weight-bearing (NWB) lameness
  • Placing weight on limb cause carpus to collapse in palmigrade stance
A

Acute

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15
Q

Can you use medical or conservative management on carpal fractures

A

no (not indicated)

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16
Q

Dogs w/ chronic radial carpal bone fractures, severely comminuted fractures, osteoarthritis, luxation, bone loss, or infection are best treated with what technique

A

carpal arthrodesis

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17
Q

Fill in the ?s

Large fragmented radial carpal fractures ar anatomically reduced and rigidly stabilized by ? or a combination of ? and ?

A
  • lag screws
  • lag screws and K wires
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18
Q

Small chip fragments of radial carpal bone are treated how

A

surgically removed

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19
Q

Fill in the ?s

Reduction of a radial carpal bone fracture with ?

A

lag screw

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20
Q

Most common injuries of the carpus is

A

hyperextension (trauma, immune mediate)

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21
Q

What radiographs should be taken for a suspected carpal fracture

A

stress views (lateral and Dorso palmer)

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22
Q

Best treatment of carpal hyperextension

A

arthrodesis (can do conservative management- splint)

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23
Q

Pancarpal or partial carpal arthrodesis can be performed by?

A

removing cartilage, autogenous cancellous bone graft, rigid fixation

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24
Q

What treatment method is considered for carpal hyperextension when the radiocarpal joint is normal and works to fuse the middle intercarpal and carpometacarpal joints?

A

Partial carpal arthrodesis

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25
Q

What is used to perform a partial carpal arthrodesis

A

T plate

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26
Q

What techniques are appropriated for intercarpal and carpometacarpal hyperextension

A

partial and pancarpal arthrodesis

27
Q

What is indicated for most dogs in post operative care from carpal hyperextension

A

Coaptation with splint for up to 6 weeks

28
Q

Should screws for reconstruction of radial carpal bone be removed?

A

not unless they cause a problem

29
Q

Carpal fractures have a fair to good return to function depending on what

A

degree of articular damage, whether articular surface can be reconstructed

30
Q

partial carpal arthrodesis for carpal hyperextension provides what prognosis?
pancarpal arthrodesis?

A
  • Carpal: fair
  • Pancarpal: Good
31
Q

What is seen in young puppies in variety of breeds with carpal hyperextension, hyperflexion or flexural deformities?

A

Carpal laxities

32
Q

What is a theorized cause of carpal laxity

A
  • over/under supplemented diet
  • concrete surfaces with no exercise
33
Q

What age is carpal laxity syndrome seen in

A

5-27 weeks

34
Q

What is the Treatment of carpal laxity syndrome includes

A
  • appropriate diet
  • controlled exercise
  • floors with good traction
  • recovery in 1-4 weeks
35
Q

Definition

Small, round or oblong bones found adjacent to metacarpophalangeal joints

A

sesamoid bones

36
Q

What may result from a direct blow or force to paw or from hyperextension injuries

A

Metacarpal bone fractures

37
Q

Complete metacarpal fractures are common in what breed due to fatigue and overload?

38
Q

Fractures of the sesamoids are more common in what two breeds

A
  • greyhound
  • rottweilers
39
Q

What sesamoid bones are most commonly affected in sesamoid fractures

A

2 and 7 ( occur after excess tension from ddf)

40
Q

**What provides better outcomes of sesamoid fractures: ** conservative therapy or surgery?

A

conservative therapy

41
Q

When should you remove proximal fragments of sesamoid bones

A

chronic lameness

42
Q

A rottweiler presents with history of acute lameness that subsided but recurred with exercise what might be on the top of your differentials?

A

Sesamoid fracture

43
Q

Luxation of metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal joints typically occur in what dogs?

A

working dogs and racing greyhounds

44
Q

What treatment of metacarpal luxation’s yield the best results: closed reduction and splintage or early surgical repair?

A

early surgical repair (chronic instability leads to DJ0 D and less than optimal function)

45
Q

What radiographs should be taken for a suspected metacarpal luxation

A
  • dorsopalmar
  • mediolateral
  • oblique with digits spread
  • lateral with affected digit pulled cranially
  • stressed (if needed)
46
Q

Fill in the ?s

Acute luxation in working or racing dogs is best treated with ? an ?

A
  • open reduction
  • suturing of joint capsule and collateral ligaments
47
Q

Fill in the ?s

Chronic luxation’s of 2nd and 5th toe can be treated by ?

A

amputation

48
Q

What can you perform on metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints to improve function and relieve pain in a luxation

A

arthrodesis

49
Q

Fixation systems applicable for phalangeal fracture/luxation’s include

A
  • orthopedic wire
  • IM pins
  • plates and screws
50
Q

Digital masses are typically neoplastic with 61% malignant what treatment is recommended

A

amputation

51
Q

IDK how to ask this so just look at the diagram, the answer is i am over this

A

i am over this

52
Q

What are the weight bearing digits

A

3rd and 4th

53
Q

Fill in the ?s

The more ? the amputation the better the prognosis

54
Q

What type of incision should be made for digit amputation

A

elliptical (Starting proximodorsally & ending distally on palmarsurface)

55
Q

If amputating the digit at the interphalangeal joint what should you preserve?f

56
Q

If you perform a metacarpophalangeal joint amputation what should you ensure to remove

A

sesamoid bones

57
Q

What can you do during a digit amputation to make it more cosmetic or in the case of neoplasia

A

resect the distal end of the remaining proximal bone

58
Q

What are the 7 steps to digit arthrodesis

A
  • expose joint
  • open joint cartilage
  • remove articular cartilage
  • contour surfaces
  • temporary hold bones in position
  • contour a small plate to dorsal surface of the bones
  • attach plate wit lag screw
59
Q

What can be used to remove articular cartilage in digit arthrodesis

A
  • rongeurs
  • high speed burs
60
Q

What can be used to temporarily hold bones in position in digit arthrodesis

61
Q

What is used to fixate a digit in digit arthrodesis

A

small pate and lag screws

62
Q

What is used in digit arthrodesis of small cats and dogs when rapid healing is anticipated

A

K wire and tension bands

63
Q

What fixation method is used in the digit arthrodesis seen here: A? & B?

A
  • A: Plate & lag screws
  • B: K wires & tension band

Surgery 3 (20 decks)

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