Lecture 17 3/31/25 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of nasal planum tumors?
-clearly UV induced in cats
-less clear etiology in dogs
-present with crusted lesion on nose, bleeding, and/or ulcerated nasal planum
What are the characteristics of diagnostics for nasal planum tumors?
-all crusted lesions on nasal planum without history of trauma should be biopsied under GA
-biopsies should contain lesion and interface of normal tissue if possible
What are the possible differentials for nasal planum crusting?
-lupus
-pyoderma
-hyperkeratosis
-tumor
-cryptococcus
-sporotrichosis
What is the typical behavior of nasal planum tumors?
-locally invasive and very uncomfortable
-rarely metastatic; go to LNs and lungs when they do spread
-spreads into nasal cavity; CT scan should be used to determine extent and identify need for nasal planectomy +/- maxillectomy
What are the characteristics of nasal planum tumor treatment?
-surgery is generally curative if margins are obtained
-must prepare owners for cosmetic appearance following surgery
-electrochemotherapy and radiation are well described if surgery not possible/wanted
-strontium-90 radiation can be curative for small lesions in cats
What is the prognosis for nasal planum tumors?
-relatively good prognosis for surgery, external beam radiation, and strontium 90 radiation
-low/moderate rate of recurrence following surgery
-low rate of relapse in strontium 90 patients
What are the characteristics of nasal cavity tumors?
-about 1% of tumors in dogs and cats
-dogs in smoking households are at 2x risk
-dolichocephalic dogs may be predisposed
What are the common presenting complaints in animals with nasal cavity tumors?
-epistaxis
-recurrent nasal infections
-facial deformity
-open mouth breathing
-stertor
-snoring
-sneezing
-exophthalmos
What are the differential diagnoses for nasal cavity tumors?
-aspergillus
-cryptococcus
-rhinitis
-foreign body
-bleeding tendencies
What are the diagnostics done for nasal cavity tumors?
-CBC
-chem
-coag. profile
-CT scan
-rhinoscopy
-biopsy
What are the most common nasal cavity tumors in dogs and cats?
dogs: adenocarcinoma
cats: lymphoma
What are the characteristics of nasal adenocarcinoma?
-mostly a local problem
-causes bleeding nasal obstruction, infection, and discomfort
-rarely metastatic; goes to LNs and lungs when it spreads
What are the characteristics of nasal adenocarcinoma treatment and prognosis?
-radiation is treatment of choice
-chemo can be done if radiation not possible/desired
-NSAIDs can be used alone or in combo
-good prognosis with radiation
-poor to moderate prognosis with chemo and NSAIDs
What are the characteristics of nasal large cell lymphoma in cats?
-most common nasal tumor in cats
-can be localized in the nose or part of systemic process (esp. kidneys)
-radiation is treatment of choice for localized dz
-chemo is treatment of choice for systemic dz and can also be used for localized dz
-good prognosis for radiation and chemo
-prednisolone alone not well studied, but likely a short prognosis
What are the characteristics of laryngeal/pharyngeal tumors?
-very rare
-present with dysphonia, upper airway obstruction, and stridor
-differentials include foreign body, dysplasia, hypoplasia, laryngeal paralysis, and tumor
-chemo or surgery are treatments of choice depending on type
-often require tracheoscopy to biopsy
-outcome is dependent on type
What are the characteristics of lung tumors?
-no definitive risk factors identified
-predisposed in boxers, dobermans, australian shepherds, and bernese mountain dogs
-very rare in cats
-90% of all pulmonary masses are malignant in animals
What are the characteristics of lung tumor behavior?
-30% of dogs with lung tumors are asymptomatic
-common signs in dogs are coughing, difficulty breathing, dyspnea, tachypnea, and lethargy
-cats may have lameness from digit metastasis
-cats rarely have respiratory signs
-dogs can present with lameness from hypertrophic osteopathy
-metastasis occurs in majority of cases; to other lung and tracheobronchial LNs
What is the most common type of lung tumor?
adenocarcinoma (85%)
What are the characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma of the lungs?
-rare
-occur in predisposed breeds; bernese, schnauzer, corgi
What is the main characteristic of undifferentiated tumors and squamous cell carcinomas of the lungs?
higher metastatic rates
Which lung tumors are rare?
-neuroendocrine tumors
-pulmonary abscesses
-feline pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis
-fungal granuloma
-canine pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis
What are the biggest prognostic indicators for lung tumors?
-clinical signs
-size
-metastasis
-tumor type
How are lung tumors diagnosed?
-CT scan to screen for metastasis and plan for surgery
-cytology and biopsy for pre-surgical diagnosis; risk of seeding
-sampling of thoracic fluid and looking for carcinomatosis
What are the characteristics of lung tumor treatment?
-surgery is treatment of choice if no metastasis
-surgery typically requires thoracotomy; may be able to do thoracoscopy for small, peripheral tumors
-radiation is effective if surgery not possible/wanted
-chemo is typically ineffective
-vinorelbine chemo. CAN shrink tumors for short periods
-can prescribe NSAIDs if owners elect no other treatment
