Lecture 17-23

Question 1

What is an example of secondary endosymbiosis?

Answer 1

Heterotrophic eukaryote takes in cyanobacteria, then takes in green algae

Question 2

What are the 2 types of secondary endosymbiosis examples with green algae?

Answer 2

Euglenoids, Chlorarachniophytes

Question 3

What are the 3 types of secondary endosymbiosis examples with red algae?

Answer 3

Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans

Stramenopiles

Question 4

What type of red algae is involved with tertiary endosymbiosis?

Answer 4

Dinoflagelates

Question 5

______ and _____ are the 2 main groups of euglenozoa

Answer 5

kinetoplastids and euglenids

Question 6

In kinetoplasts _____ is caused by trypanosoma and is emaciated, close to being starved, trypanosomes takes in all glucose in the bloodstream

Answer 6

nagana

Question 7

What us the vector for trypanosoma, how does it work?

Answer 7

sandfly is vector, develops in gut, travels to mouth, then affects human by attacking macrophages, explodes (lyse) white blood cells, sandfly picks it up from blood meal

Question 8

What is main difference between euglenoids and kinetoplasts?

Answer 8

euglenids use photosynthesis, kinetoplast have evolved to being heterotrophs
How to stop? Design drugs to effect plastid to eliminate parasite

Question 9

______ are flagellate protozoa,

often symbiotic or parasitic in animals, anaerobic and contain hydrogenosomes

Answer 9

Parabasalids

Question 10

_____ are examples of a parabasalids.

Answer 10

Trichomonas vaginalis

Dientamoeba fragilis (diarrhea)

Histomonas meleagridis
Infected chicken, specific to face structure red part on top of head, no treatment option, eradicate all chickens to treat then repopulate

Question 11

____ is a parabasalid that has a symbiotic relationship with termites

Answer 11

Mixotricha paradoxa

lives in the guts of termites, help digest huge amounts of cellulose.

Question 12

______ ia in a freshwater ecosystem, hard to diagnose but can be a very chronic type of infection (lose a lot of weight), antibody test to find protein involved in making the giardia cyst

Answer 12

Giardia lambia

Question 13

____ you need a fecal smear to diagnose, Can use PCR to find specific gene in parasite you are looking for
Happens to most immunocomprised individuals (ie, HPV, lupus, cancer)

Answer 13

Chilomastix mesnili

Question 14

______ Lives in the gut of termites, Symbiosis, forms partnership with bacterial cell, Branching = increase SA for more bacteria to have access to protozoan

Answer 14

Oxymonads, Streblomastix strix

Question 15

_____ are:
Large group of flagellate protists-about 50% are photosynthetic
Some are endosymbionts
Some are parasitic
Some make very potent toxins
Responsible for large blooms or red tides seen in ocean environments

Answer 15

DInoflagellates

Question 16

How did pfiesteria kill fish?

Answer 16

One claim, pfiesteria feed on fish

- One claim, pfiesteria release biotoxin to kill fish

Question 17

_____ is responsible for red algal tides?

Answer 17

Karenia brevis

Question 18

____ is bioluminescent by using the enzyme luciferase.

Answer 18

Noctiluca scintillans

Question 19

_____ is when plastids are taken from one organism from another.

Answer 19

Kleptoplasty

Question 20

How does kleptoplasty work in ciliates?

Answer 20

The ciliate Myrionecta rubra steals chloroplasts from the cryptomonad Geminigera cryophila
After that, the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acumenata steals them from the ciliate

2 rounds of kleptoplasty

Question 21

______ are example of an organism that does kleptoplasty, must do it in order to survive (w/ vaucheria)

Answer 21

Sea slugs