Lecture 17

Question 1

The production of Gametes

Answer 1

Meosis

Question 2

Production of somatic cells / all other cells other than gametes

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

During sexual reproduction, a sperm and egg unite to form a new individual.
Also known as _______.

Answer 3

fertilization

Question 4

Meiosis results in the gamete cell to have _____ the chromosome number.

Answer 4

half

Question 5

The _________ is the number and types of chromosomes present in an organisms.

Answer 5

Karyotype

Question 6

_____ chromosomes determine the sex of the individual

Answer 6

Sex

Question 7

All other chromosomes beside sex chromosomes are known as ________.

Answer 7

Autonosomes

Humans: 1 sec chromosome
22 pairs of autosomes

Question 8

Gametes have half of the chromosome number because the combination of an egg and sperm will reconstitute the correct _______ of the species upon fertilization

Answer 8

Karyotype

Question 9

________ - offspring

Answer 9

Progeny

Question 10

Chromosomes of the same type are called ________ chromosomes, or homologs

Answer 10

Homologous

Question 11

A ____ is a section of DNA that influences one or more hereditary traits in an individual.

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

Different versions of a specific gene are called _______. (Further classification)

• Hat = gene *
  _____ = color

Answer 12

Alleles

Question 13

Diploid = ____ chromosomes

Answer 13

2

Question 14

The _______ number n indicates the number of distinct types of chromosomes present.

Answer 14

Haploid

Question 15

The cells _______ (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of each type of chromosome present.

Answer 15

Ploidy

Question 16

Organisms whose cells contain just one of each type of chromosome are called ______

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

Those whose cells contain two versions of each type of chromosome are termed _______.

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

Diploid cells have ____ chromosome from mom, and ___ chromosome from dad.

Answer 18

1

Question 19

Three or more chromosomes = ________

Answer 19

Polyploid

Question 20

IN general, plant species are more tolerant than ________.

Answer 20

Animals

Question 21

Meiosis is known as _______ division.
Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half.
In diploid organisms, the products of meiosis are haploid.

Answer 21

Reduction

Question 22

When replication is complete, each chromosome consists of two identical _______ chromatids attached at the centromere.

Answer 22

Sister

Question 23

Divides homologous pairs of chromosomes

Answer 23

Meiosis 1

Question 24

Divides sister chromatids

Answer 24

Meiosis 2

Question 25

During meiosis 1, the diploid parent cell produces _____ haploid daughter cells.

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

During meiosis 1 the homologs in each chromosome pair separate and go to different _________ cells.
Although the daughter cells are haploid, each chromosome still consists of two identical sister chromatids

Answer 26

Daughter

Question 27

During meiosis 2 the ______ chromatids of each chromosome separate and go to different daughter cells.

Answer 27

Sister

Question 28

The _____ haploid daughter cells produced by meiosis 2 also have one of each type of chromosome, but now the chromosomes are unreplicated.

Answer 28

Four

Question 29

_________ - splitting up

Answer 29

Equational

Question 30

The chromosome replicates before ______.

Answer 30

Meiosis

Question 31

In animals, the daughter cells become gametes via a process called _________.

Answer 31

Gametogenesis

Question 32

When two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, a full complement of chromosomes is restored. The cell that results from fertilization is diploid and is called a _______.

Answer 32

Zygote

Question 33

Diploid offspring contains _______ pair of chromosomes

Answer 33

Homologous

Question 34

Life cycle of a _________ organism :
Meiosis in an adult produces haploid gametes that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which developed, though mitosis, into an adult of the next generation.

Answer 34

Sexual

Question 35

Meiosis 1 five phases:
1.) Early prophase 1
2.) Late __________ 1
3.) Metaphase 1
4.) Anaphase 1
5.) Telophase 1

Happens in between Interphase and cytokinesis

Answer 35

Prophase

Question 36

In EARLY Prophase 1
___________ - Homologous pairs come together to create a tetrad

Answer 36

Synapsis

Question 37

The 2 homologs of a ______ are called non-sister chromatids.

Answer 37

Tetrad

Question 38

In LATE Prophase 1
_______ - the exchange between homologous non-sister chromatids
(Genetic variation)

Answer 38

Crossing over