Lecture 17 Flashcards
The production of Gametes
Meosis
Production of somatic cells / all other cells other than gametes
Mitosis
During sexual reproduction, a sperm and egg unite to form a new individual.
Also known as _______.
fertilization
Meiosis results in the gamete cell to have _____ the chromosome number.
half
The _________ is the number and types of chromosomes present in an organisms.
Karyotype
_____ chromosomes determine the sex of the individual
Sex
All other chromosomes beside sex chromosomes are known as ________.
Autonosomes
Humans: 1 sec chromosome
22 pairs of autosomes
Gametes have half of the chromosome number because the combination of an egg and sperm will reconstitute the correct _______ of the species upon fertilization
Karyotype
________ - offspring
Progeny
Chromosomes of the same type are called ________ chromosomes, or homologs
Homologous
A ____ is a section of DNA that influences one or more hereditary traits in an individual.
Gene
Different versions of a specific gene are called _______. (Further classification)
- Hat = gene *
_____ = color
Alleles
Diploid = ____ chromosomes
2
The _______ number n indicates the number of distinct types of chromosomes present.
Haploid
The cells _______ (n, 2n, 3n, etc.) indicates the number of each type of chromosome present.
Ploidy
Organisms whose cells contain just one of each type of chromosome are called ______
Haploid
Those whose cells contain two versions of each type of chromosome are termed _______.
Diploid
Diploid cells have ____ chromosome from mom, and ___ chromosome from dad.
1
Three or more chromosomes = ________
Polyploid
IN general, plant species are more tolerant than ________.
Animals
Meiosis is known as _______ division.
Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half.
In diploid organisms, the products of meiosis are haploid.
Reduction
When replication is complete, each chromosome consists of two identical _______ chromatids attached at the centromere.
Sister
Divides homologous pairs of chromosomes
Meiosis 1
Divides sister chromatids
Meiosis 2
During meiosis 1, the diploid parent cell produces _____ haploid daughter cells.
Two
During meiosis 1 the homologs in each chromosome pair separate and go to different _________ cells.
Although the daughter cells are haploid, each chromosome still consists of two identical sister chromatids
Daughter
During meiosis 2 the ______ chromatids of each chromosome separate and go to different daughter cells.
Sister
The _____ haploid daughter cells produced by meiosis 2 also have one of each type of chromosome, but now the chromosomes are unreplicated.
Four
_________ - splitting up
Equational
The chromosome replicates before ______.
Meiosis
In animals, the daughter cells become gametes via a process called _________.
Gametogenesis
When two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, a full complement of chromosomes is restored. The cell that results from fertilization is diploid and is called a _______.
Zygote
Diploid offspring contains _______ pair of chromosomes
Homologous
Life cycle of a _________ organism :
Meiosis in an adult produces haploid gametes that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote, which developed, though mitosis, into an adult of the next generation.
Sexual
Meiosis 1 five phases:
1.) Early prophase 1
2.) Late __________ 1
3.) Metaphase 1
4.) Anaphase 1
5.) Telophase 1
Happens in between Interphase and cytokinesis
Prophase
In EARLY Prophase 1
___________ - Homologous pairs come together to create a tetrad
Synapsis
The 2 homologs of a ______ are called non-sister chromatids.
Tetrad
In LATE Prophase 1
_______ - the exchange between homologous non-sister chromatids
(Genetic variation)
Crossing over
