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Genetics Test 4 > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation

A

eukaryotic genes are individual and do not have operons

use of activators is more common for eukaryotes

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2
Q

chromatin structure regulation

A

tightly condensed DNA in chromatin is less available to the transcriptional apparatus. this can be affected by:
histone modification
chromatin remodeling
DNA modification

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3
Q

histone tail modifications

A

most common site is at the C terminal of the H3 and H4 histones
histone modifications can also occur at H2A or H2B based on chromatin structure

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4
Q

acetylation of histone proteins…

A

alters chromatin structure and permits some transcription factors to bind to DNA

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5
Q

chromatin remodeling

A

remodeling complex binds to the TATA box next to the gene activator protein. the nucleosomes are remodeled so there’s more space for a transcription factor to enter

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6
Q

regulatory promoter sequences

A

can be mixed to affect transcription

different promoters are made

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7
Q

enhancer

A

initiates transcription in eukaryotes

short region of DNA that can be bound to proteins to increase likelihood of a particular gene being transcribed

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8
Q

two types of DNA binding regulatory proteins

A

activator proteins and repressor proteins

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9
Q

activator proteins

A

bind to enhancer sites
activates transcription nonspecifically
are position and orientation independent

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10
Q

repressor proteins

A

bind to silencers
compete with activators for binding
prevent activator interaction with basal transcription apparatus

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11
Q

insulator

A

blocks the action of an enhancer in a promoter when the insulator lies between the enhancer and the promoter
halts transcription

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12
Q

response elements

A

coordinate genes

affect how many genes are expressed or not

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13
Q

multiple response elements (MRE)

A

different elements that affect the gene

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14
Q

RNA splicing

A

introns are spliced out

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15
Q

transferrin receptor

A

transfers iron into the cell

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16
Q

ferritin protein

A

iron storage protein

needed when there’s lots of iron present

17
Q

RNA interference

A

siRNA and miRNA mediate binding of proteins

18
Q

siRNA cleavage

A

RISC will attach to the mRNA strand and cleave it, leading to degradation of mRNA

19
Q

miRNA inhibits translation

A

does not cleave but inhibits translation from happening

binds onto an mRNA strand and inhibits translation

20
Q

siRNA inhibits transcription

A

silencers DNA leading to degradation of the molecule

Genetics Test 4 (5 decks)

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