lecture Flashcards by katherine canete

It refers to a disease relating to a defective intramembranous ossification. It is the agenesis of the clavicle and skull cap.

Cleidocranial dysostosis

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The inferior angle of the scapula is at the same level as the spinous process
of which vertebra?
A. 2nd rib
B. T2
C. T4
D. T7

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The median angle of the scapula is at the same level as the spinous process
of which vertebra?
A. 2nd rib
B. T2
C. T4
D. T7

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Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus will likely to result in

atrophy of the deltoid

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Which of the following is not true about the shoulder joint?

is a pivot joint

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Injury to this nerve leads to “Winging of the Scapula”
A. Median Nerve
B. Long Thoracic Nerve
C. Radial Nerve
D. Ulnar Nerve

Long Thoracic Nerve

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What is the bone marking between the greater and the lesser tubercles of the humerus that is identifiable during flexion and extension of the elbow joint by palpating in an upward direction along the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii?

Biccipital groove

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What does NOT extend, abduct, or adduct the wrist?
A. Extensor carpi radialis longus
B. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
C. Extensor carpi ulnaris
D. Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor Digiti Minimi (extends the pinky)

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The anterior axioappendicular muscle that protracts and rotates the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall.
A. Subclavius
B. Rhomboid major
C. Pectoralis major
D. Serratus anterior

Serratus Anterior

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Which among the following is not part of the rotator cuffs?
A. Supraspinatus muscle
B. Infraspinatus muscle
C. Deltoid
D. Teres minor

Deltoid

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what are the parts of the rotator cuff muscle?

Supraspinatus (abducts)
Infraspinatus (lateral rotation)
Teres minor (lateral rotation)
Subscapularis (medial rotation)

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Function of the Supraspinatus as rotator cuff

abducts

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Function of the Infraspinatus as rotator cuff

lateral rotation

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Function of the Teres Minor as rotator cuff

lateral rotation

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Function of the Subscapularis as rotator cuff

medial rotation

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All insert into greater tubercle except
A. Supraspinatus muscle
B. Infraspinatus muscle
C. Subscapularis
D. Teres minor

Subscapularis

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Deltoid is innervated by what nerve

axillary nerve (c5,c6)

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Deltoid is inserted into the humerus in what part

middle lateral surface of the humerus

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Teres major is innervated by what

lower subscapular nerve (c5, c6)

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Cutting the dorsal scapular nerve will cause paralysis of which of the following?
A. Teres major
B. Serratus Anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Rhomboides Major

D. Rhomboids major

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Loss of extension of fingers, thumb and wrist. Numbness over first dorsal interosseous muscles. Which nerve is affected?

Radial nerve

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characterized by an outward (lateral) deviation of the forearm in relation to the upper arm

Cubitus Valgus

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Radial subluxation of extended pronated forearm
A. Tennis elbow
B. Miners elbow
C. Nursemaid’s elbow
D. Golfers elbow

Nursemaid’s Elbow

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Which of the following is the most commonly dislocated joint in Children
A. Wrist joint
B. Elbow joint
C. Metacarpophalangeal joint
D. Shoulder joint

Shoulder joint

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A worker accidentally cut wrist with a broken glass. What structure in the carpal tunnel are most likely to be injured? A. Median nerve and the tendons of flexor carpi profundus B. Median nerve and radial nerve C. Median nerve and the tendons of flexor pollicis longus D. Median nerve and FDS tendons

letter D

How do you test the trapezius muscle? A. Ask Patient to Shrug Shoulder B. Ask Patient to Sit C. Ask Patient to Raise arms D. Ask Patient to flex arms

A. shrug shoulder

Damage to this structure involves superior part of acromion and lateral end of clavicle

acromioclavicular joint

The serratus anterior is innervated by the

LTN

Which nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle? A. Long thoracic nerve B. Thoracodorsal nerve C. Axillary nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve

Toracodorsal nerve

The nerve supply of the Teres Minor muscle A. Axillary Nerve B. Thoracodorsal Nerve C. Suprascapular Nerve D. Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Axillary Nerve

The most common site of a clavicular fracture A. Junction of the middle and proximal third B. Junction of the middle and lateral third C. Acromial end D. Sternal end

middle and lateral 3rd

Structure that runs along the deltopectoral groove

cephalic vein

Not part of the rotator cuff muscles A. Supraspinatus B. Infraspinatus C. Teres major D. Subscapularis

C. Teres Major

Which of the ff is true? A. Anterior compartment (flexor), posterior compartment (extensor) B. Inferior angle of the scapula is at T7 level C. All of the above

Which is NOT found in the convex posterior surface of the scapula? A. Coracoid process B. Spine C. Subscapular fossa D. Deltoid Tubercle

C and can be A

Which innervates biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis? A. Axillary nerve B. Musculocutaneous nerve C. Median nerve D. Ulnar nerve E. Radial nerve

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Which of the following is not a boundary of the cubital fossa? a. Pronator Teres b. Line between medial and lateral epicondyle c. Brachioradialis d. Coracobrachialis

Which of the following muscles is not part of the superficial flexor muscle of the forearm? A. Pronator teres B. Flexor Carpi radialis C. Palmaris longus D. Flexor Carpiulnaris E. Flexor digitorum superficialis

E. FDS

The only muscle that could flex the distal phalanges of the digits.

Flexor Digitorum profundus

Muscle that is not a superficial layer of posterior compartment

Extensor indicis

The principal extensor of the medial four digits A. Extensor carpi ulnaris B. Extensor digiti minimi C. Extensor digitorum D. Extensor indicis

Which of the following is not part of the cubital fossa? A. Median nerve B. Brachial artery C. Tendon of the biceps femoris D. Radial nerve

Which of the following does not extend, abduct and adduct the thumb? A. Extensor pollicis longus B. Abductor pollicis brevis C. Extensor digiti minimi D. Flexor pollicis brevis

Which of the following is not part of the deep forearm muscle? A. Flexor pollicis longus B. Flexor digitorum profundus C. Flexor carpi ulnaris D. Pronator quadratus

Which of the following is the deepest flexor muscle of the forearm? A. Flexor pollicis longus B. Flexor digitorum profundus C. Flexor carpi ulnaris D. Pronator quadratus

Which of the superficial flexors of the forearm is located on the most medial side?

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Long flexor of the thumb: A. Abductor pollicis longus B. Flexor pollicis longus C. Flexor pollicis brevis D. Flexor digits minimi

B. FPL

What is the dermatome of the lateral forearm and thumb? A. C4 B. C5 C. C6 D. C7

C. C6

One of the following does not extend the medial four digits. A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor digiti minimi C. Extensor carpi ulnaris D. Extensor indicis

C. ECU

Patient is presented with weakness is ring finger and adduction. What muscle is involved? A. Palmar interossei B. Dorsal interossei C. Lumbrical

A. Palmar Interossei Lumbricals is wrong because they focus mainly on Flexing. Remember the mnemonic: PAD DAB (Palmar interossei = ADduction) (Dorsal Interossei = ABduction)

A patient fell on his outstretched hand and fractured his scaphoid. What structure is most likely affected?

Radial nerve

A victim of an accident suffered a destructive injury to the proximal row of the carpal bones. Which of the following bones is most likely damaged? A. Hamate B. Trapezium C. Trapezoid D. Triquetrum

Damage to the flexor retinaculum, causing compression of the median nerve

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Deep cut in the ring finger. What pair of nerves was affected? A. Median and ulnar nerve B. Median and radial nerve C. Ulnar and musculocutaneous D. Median and musculocutaneous

A The ring finger is innervated by the medially by the median nerve and laterally by the ulnar nerve

The patient experienced altered sensation on the palmar side of the ring and little fingers. What is expected to happen?

Atrophy of the hypothenar eminence

Deep penetrated wound on palm by big nail, infection in ulnar bursa. This may be caused by infection from? A. Flexor carpi ulnaris B. Lumbricals C. Abductor pollicis brevis D. Flexor digitorum profundus

FDP Ulnar bursa (FDP, FDS)

Most dislocated carpal bond

lunate

least fractured carpal bone

trapezoid

An automobile worker's middle finger was crushed. Which muscle would most likely be spared?

Dorsal interossei

A 24-year old carpenter suffers a crush injury of his entire little finger. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be spared? A. Flexor digitorum profundus B. Extensor digitorum C. Palmar interossei D. Dorsal interossei E. Lumbrical

D The dorsal interossei are abductors of the fingers. The little finger has no attachment for the dorsal interosseous muscle because it has its own abductor. Therefore, the dorsal interosseous muscle is not affected. Other muscles are attached to the little finger; thus, they are injured.

Largest carpal bone of the body

capitate

Which of the following is false regarding the brachial plexus? A. Almost all branches of the plexus arise in the axilla after it crosses the first rib B. Sympathetic secretory motor supply to the sweat glands C. Influence over the diameters of the blood vessels by the parasympathetic vasomotor nerves D. Roots of the plexus pass through the gap between anterior and middle scalene muscle with the subclavian artery E. Greatest sensory contribution is C7

What is the correct order of the brachial plexus?

RTDCB

Roots of the thoracodorsal nerve

C6, C7, C8

Roots of the axillary nerve

C5, C6

Roots of upper and lower subscapular nerve

C5, C6

Which divides the axillary artery? A. Teres major B. Pectoralis minor C. Deltoid D. Serratus anterior

Which nerve supplies all posterior forearm and arm muscles? a. Suprascapular nerve b. Thoracodorsal Nerve c. Subscapular Nerve d. Axillary Nerve e. Radial Nerve

This nerve enters supinator then winds around the radius and arises from supinator as posterior interosseous nerve supplying the posterior muscle of the forearm. A. Median nerve B. Ulnar nerve C. Thoracodorsal D. Long thoracic nerve E. Radial nerve

Which nerve supplies the MEDIAL lumbrical muscles? A. Radial nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Median nerve D. Axillary nerve

Which nerve supplies the LATERAL lumbrical muscles? A. Radial nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Median nerve D. Axillary nerve

This deep nerve enters the supinator, laterally rotates around the radius, emerges from the supinator as posterior interosseous nerve and innervates the superficial extensor muscles

Radial Nerve

What branches into the anterior interosseous nerve at the cubital fossa?

median nerve

Innervation of the muscle that causes the winging of scapula

C5,C6,C7

The movement of mandible, lips, and jaw in a forward (anteriorly) direction. A. Abduction B. Adduction C. Eversion D. Retrusion E. Protrusion

moves the sole of the foot away from the median plane, turning the sole laterally.

eversion

moves the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially)

inversion

The anatomical position refers to the body position as if the person were standing upright with the: ● Head, gaze (eyes), and toes directed anteriorly (forward). ● Arms adjacent to the sides with the palms facing anteriorly. ● Lower limbs close together with the feet parallel.

true

The bending or decreasing of angle between the bones or parts of the body

flexion

consists of bones of the head, neck, cervical vertebrae, and trunk

axial skeleton

consists of the bones of the limbs, including pectoral and pelvic girdle

appendicular skeleton

tubular bones

long bones

cuboidal and found only in the tarsus and carpus

short bones

develop in certain tendons and are found found where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs

sesamoid bone

mesenchymal models of bones from during the embryonic period, direct ossification of the mesenchyme begins in the fetal period

intramembranous ossification

cartilage models of the bones form from mesenchyme during the fetal period, and bone subsequently replaces most of the cartilage

endochondral ossification

type of joint of acromioclavicular joint

plane

type of elbow joint

hinge

type of carpometacarpal joint

saddle

type of metacarpophalangeal joint

condyloid joint

type of hip joint and shoulder joint

ball and socket joint

type of atlanto-axial joint

pivot joint

* Protection of the body from environmental effects, such as abrasions, fluid loss, harmful substances, ultraviolet radiation, and invading microorganisms * Containment for the body’s structures and vital substances, preventing dehydration * Heat regulation through the evaporation of sweat and/or the dilation or constriction of superficial blood vessels. * Sensation by way of superficial nerves and their sensory endings * Synthesis and storage of vitamin D

function of the integumentary

The dermal layer of the skin is derived from this germ layer

ectoderm

Notochord is from what germ layer?

mesoderm

These are the glands whose ducts open directly onto the skin surface because such skin lacks hair follicles.

● Montgomery’s glands (nipples) ● Meibomian glands ● ceruminous glands

Embryo exhibits human appearance at which week of development

Week 8

● Glycoprotein produced by the syncytiotrophoblast ● Stimulated production of progesterone by the corpus luteum, which is essential for maintenance of pregnancy until week 8; placenta then takes over progesterone production ● found in maternal blood at day 8 or maternal urine at day 10 basis of pregnancy test

hCG

process establishing the 3 definitive germ layers of embryo: ectoderm, intraembryonic mesoderm and endoderm

gastrulation

First missed menstrual period, at what week of embryology?

Start of 3rd week

the correct order of the layers of epidermis

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

What occurs during week 3 to week 8 of embryonic period?

gastrulation

The ovulated oocyte is arrested at what phase?

metaphase of meiosis II

What are the germ layers formed at the end of week 3 embryonic period?

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Embryoblast differentiates into 2 cellular layers at week 2

epiblast and hypoblast

what further develops into trophoblast

syncytiotrophoblast

forms lacunar network thru which maternal blood flows-->establishing uteroplacental circulation

syncytiotrophoblast

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

cemetery of RBCs

basic functional unit of the bone

osteon (haversian system)

not a part of the axial skeleton?

clavicle

The capacity of the fetal skull cap to adjust while passing through the birth canal during delivery

molding

What sections are slices of the body of its parts that cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body?

transverse or cross sections

The kind of ossification in which cartilage models of the bones from the mesenchyme during the fetal period, and bone subsequently replaces most of the cartilage.

endochondral ossification

It is considered as a discontinuity of a bone

fracture

If a structure is closer to the median plane of the body, it is likely to be:

medial

the bone most prone to fracture

clavicle

C1 (atlas) & C2 (axis) combine to form this type of joint

pivot joint

The glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of humerus combine to form:

glenohumeral joint (ball&socket joint)

What joint permits gliding of the clavicle and the acromion?

acromioclavicular joint (plane joint)

the humerus and ulna combine to allow flexion and extension of the elbow

hinge

Aside from the heart, cardiac muscle is seen in which of the following organs of tissues

aorta

Which of the following organs / tissue have smooth muscle tissue?

smooth muscle

What is an example of flat muscle? a. Rectus abdominis b. Internal oblique c. Gastrocnemius d. Pectoralis major

internal oblique

shape of pectoralis major

convergent

May directly assist a prime mover providing a weaker or less mechanically advantaged component of the same movement A. Fixator B. Antagonist C. Synergist D. Spurt Muscle

true terminal artery is found in the

retina

Arteries and its accompanying veins are wrapped by an unyielding fascia. This configuration is essential for

thermoregulation

arterial pulse is regulated by

small arteries and arterioles

Which statement appropriately describes a normal systemic circulation? A. The right atrium directly receives low-oxygen blood from innominate veins. B. The systemic circulation begins at the left atrium which receives oxygenated blood from lungs. C. The left ventricle pumps blood to the left atrium and systemic arteries. D. The Systemic Arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body's capillaries.

Lymphatic vessels are seen in the A. Central Nervous System (CNS) B. Bone C. Teeth D. Intestine

D. Intestine

Veins differ from arteries because they have large capacity for expansion (T or F)

true

Which blood vessel has pulsatile contractions that propel and distribute blood? A. aorta B. innominate artery C. femoral artery D. pulmonary artery

femoral artery (medium muscular arteries)

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the walls of the blood vessels and lymphatics?* A. A lymphatic capillary has a highly attenuated endothelium and lacks basement membrane. B. The tunica intima of the artery consists of multiple layers of flattened epithelial cells that line the endothelium. C. The tunica media of a large vein consists of connective tissue layer or sheath. D. The tunica adventitia of an artery and vein is the most variable coat.

These are alternate channels that decrease over time to ensure blood supply to structures distal to a blockage

collateral vessels

Stab wound above left clavicle. Milky fluid was noted upon exploration. Which structure was likely injured? A. Thoracic Duct B. Left vagus nerve C. Left subclavian nerve D. Left jugular vein

Which of the following controls blood pressure? A. Venules B. Capillaries C. Conducting arteries D. Arterioles

What returns the blood from capillary beds to the heart? A. Venules B. Capillaries C. Medium Arteries D. Large Elastic Arteries

Venous valves are absent in A. Great saphenous vein B. Inferior vena cava C. Cephalic vein D. Femoral vein

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding medium arteries and veins? A. Both have direct connections called arteriovenous anastomosis. B. Both are contained within a vascular sheath. C. Both have pulsatile contraction D. Both have superficial and deep components

Which of the following regulates the filling of the capillaries? A. Venules B. Large elastic arteries C. Arterioles D. Medium arteries

Varicose veins are due to: A. Ineffective musculovenous pump in the lower extremities. B. Ineffective arteriovenous pump in the lower extremities. C. Ineffective arteriovenous anastomosis in the lower extremities. D. Ineffective countercurrent exchange of heat in the lower extremities.

Spinal cord of the adult ends inferiorly at what level

an injury of one point of an organ or part resulting from a blow on the opposite point A. Fracture B. Contrecoup C. Coup injury D. Dislocation

What blood vessel is injured in Epidural Hematoma? A. Lateral carotid artery B. Bridging veins C. Middle meningeal artery D. Anterior cerebral artery

What is not true regarding the spinal cord in adults? a. Anterior spinal artery supply anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord b. Posterior spinal artery supply posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord c. Radicular artery and artery of adamkiewicz supply lower 2/3 of the spinal cord d. Anterior arteries supply ⅓ while posterior artery supplies ⅔

Anterior arteries supply ⅓ while posterior artery supplies ⅔

A type of impulse conduction where the action potentials can be generated only at the nodes of Ranvier? A. Propagation velocity B. Retrograde transport C. Anterograde transport D. Saltatory nerve conduction

The finger-like cells present on the end of a neuron that carry towards the cell body? A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Soma D. Axon Hillock

A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) within the CNS connecting neighboring or distant nuclei of the cerebral cortex a. Ganglion b. Tract c. Plexus d. Nucleus

dermatome level of the nipple

dermatome level of the umbilicus

T10

The tough fibrous layer continuous with the meningeal layer of the cranial dura? A. Arachnoid mater B. Subdural space C. Cauda equina D. Dura mater

Blood vessels that nourish the nerve fibers and their coverings Neurilemma Vasa vasorum Angio nervora Vasa nervorum

Vasa nervorum

The layer of dense connective tissue that encloses a fascicle of nerve fiber A. Perineurium B. Endoneurium C. Epineurium D. Neurilemma

The number of pairs of spinal nerves* A. 12 B. 21 C. 31 D. 33

C. 31

What cell is responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?* A. Microglia B. Nissl's body C. Schwann cells D. Oligodendrocytes

Location for spinal/lumbar tap

between L4 and L5

Which of the following does not describe an anatomical position?

Ans: Head and feet facing posteriorly Correct: Head, gaze (eyes), and toes directed anteriorly (forward)

Which body plane is at right angle to the median plane and passes through, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions? A. Transverse B. Sagittal C. Frontal D. Longitudinal

C. Frontal

When you turn your radius medially so that the dorsum faces anteriorly and your palm faces posteriorly. A. Supination B. Pronation C. Inversion D. Rotation

B. Pronation

Move the sole of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially) A. Eversion B. Flexion C. Extension D. Inversion

D. Inversion

Which of the following is not true regarding shoulder joint? A. It is a pivot joint. B. Formed by the articulation of the scapula and humerus. C. Its articulating surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage D. Dislocation could affect the axillary nerve. E. Direction of dislocation is commonly anteriorly

A. is not true because it should be ball and socket joint.

The act of bending or increasing the angle between bones or parts of the body: A. Flexion B. Extension C. Eversion D. Inversion E. rotation

B. Extension Moore’s p. 8

This is the act of movement away from the median plane A. Abduction B. Adduction C. Inversion D. Eversion

A. Abduction - away from the median plane

On what week of the embryonic development can a distinctive human appearance be observed? A. 2nd B. 4th C. 5th D. 8th

D. 8th

Examples of glands that open directly unto the skin are the following, except A. Montgomery glands B. Sweat glands C. Meibomian gland D. Ceruminous glands E. None of the above

B (check)

Which layer of the skin functions as insulation and thermoregulation, storing of energy and provides protection against mechanical forces, allowing the skin to glide over the underlying muscle tissues? A. Epidermis B. Dermis C. Hypodermis D. All of the above E. None of the above

One of the following is not part of the axial skeleton: A. Skull B. Sternum C. Vertebra D. Sacrum E. Scapula

The third metacarpal and the third proximal phalanx combine flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction produce what type of joint: A. Saddle joint B. Condyloid joint C. Plane joint D. Ball and socket joint

Which of the following is not a gland? A. Montgomery B. Sweat C. Meibomian D. Ceruminous E. None of the above

Eccentrically contracts as prime mover concentrically contracts a. Agonist b. Antagonist c. Synergist d. Fixator

Complements the action of the prime mover. It may directly assist a prime mover, providing a weaker or less mechanically advantaged component A. Synergist B. Antagonist C. Agonist D. Prime mover

The term which describes a muscle that contracts concentrically and is mainly responsible for creating a movement A. Agonist B. Antagonist C. Synergist D. Fixator

steadies the proximal parts o a limb through isometric contraction while movements are occurring in distal parts A. Agonist B. Antagonist C. Synergist D. Fixator

a muscle that opposes the action of another muscle

antagonist

Which is true of isotonic contraction? A. Does not produce movement or active resistance B. Muscle changes length in relationship to production of movement C. Muscle length remains the same D. Maintains an upright posture

Which of the following is an example of a multipennate muscle? A. Deltoid B. Dorsal interossei C. Rectus femoris D. Gastrocnemiu

The thoracic duct receives lymph from the A. Both sides of the face B. Both hemathoracis C. Both upper limbs D. Both lower limbs

Which of the following is true regarding the aorta? A. Has pulsatile contractions B. Can accommodate large amount of blood with minimal change in pressure C. Made up of connective layer sheath D. all of the above

Exchange of nutrients and waste occur in

capillaries

A butcher accidentally cut himself with a knife and damaged his ring finger. The metacarpophalangeal joint was affected. What pair of nerves are affected? A. Median & Ulnar B. Radial & Ulnar C. Musculocutaneous & Ulnar D. Radial and Median E. Radial & Axillary

A sudden severe blow to the head results in damage to the brain at the opposite pole from the point of impact

countercoup injury

Curve that is not present during fetal development a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Sacral d. Thoracic and sacral

A type of impulse conduction where the action potentials can be generated only at the nodes of Ranvier A. Propagation velocity B. Retrograde transport C. Anterograde transport D. Saltatory nerve conduction

The tough, fibrous meninges that is continuous with the meningeal layer of the cranial dura A. Pia Mater B. Dura mater C. Arachnoid mater D. Subarachnoid lay

A patient is advised to undergo a lumbar tap procedure, At what vertebra is usually the site for lumbar puncture? A. L1 - L2 B. L2 - L3 C. L4 - L5 D. L6 - L7

What structure is affected when the neck of the humerus is fractured? A. Median nerve B. Axillary nerve C. Radial nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve

This structure separates the tubercles and provides protected passage for tendon of the long of biceps brachii: A. Radial groove B. Supracondylar ridge C. Bicipital groove D. capitulum

What nerve serves as the lateral branch of the second intercostal nerve that communicates with the posterior and medial cutaneous arm, supplying skin of the axilla and medial aspect of the proximal arm? A. Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm B. Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm C. Medial Cutaneous nerve of arm D. Intercostobrachial nerve

What important structure is closely associated with the medial collateral ligament of the elbow? A. Annular ligament B. Ulnar nerve C. Trochlea D. Capitulum E. Median nerve

The nerve supply of Latissimus Dorsi muscle A. Long thoracic nerve B. Thoracodorsal nerve C. Median nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. Radial nerve

What is the nerve supply of the teres minor? A. Suprascapular Nerve B. Long Thoracic Nerve C. Axillary Nerve D. Upper subscapular Nerve

Not a boundary of the anatomic snuff box A. Extensor indicis B. Abductor pollicis longus C. Extensor pollicis brevis D. Extensor pollicis longus

Not a deep layer of forearm muscles A. Flexor pollicis brevis B. Flexor pollicis longus C. Extensor indicis D. Extensor pollicis brevis

A (part of the hand)

This is the most lateral superficial flexor of the forearm A. Pronator teres B. Flexor carpi ulnaris C. Flexor carpi radialis D. Palmaris longus

One of the following does not extend the medial four fingers A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor indicis C. Extensor carpi ulnaris D. Extensor digiti minimi

C ECU extends and adducts hand at wrist joint, not the fingers

During an anatomical dissection, a medical student accidentally receives a superficial laceration on the anterior aspect of his palm. Physical examination in the emergency room has found that there is no loss of function in the intrinsic hand muscles but the skin on the lateral aspect of his thumb is numb. What nerve is damaged? A. Lateral cutaneous median nerve B. Palmar branch of median nerve C. Recurrent branch of median nerve D. Palmar branch of radial nerve E. Superficial branch of radial nerve

From what roots do the thoracodorsal nerve originate? a. C5, C6, C7 b. C8, T1 c. C6, C7, C8 d. C5, C6

Which of the following structures pass through the deltopectoral groove? A. Basilic vein B. Cephalic vein C. Radial artery D. Musculocutaneous nerve

Which nerve supplies the MEDIAL lumbrical muscles? A. Radial nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Median nerve D. Axillary nerve

Which nerve supplies the LATERAL lumbrical muscles? A. Radial nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Median nerve D. Axillary nerve

A 23-year-old woman who cut her ring finger deeply with a kitchen knife is unable to move the metacarpophalangeal joint Which of the following pairs of nerves was damaged? A. Median and ulnar B. Radial and medial C. Musculocutaneous and ulnar D. Ulnar and radial E. Radial and axillary

D. The metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring finger is flexed by the lumbrical, palmar, and dorsal interosseous muscles, which are innervated by the ulnar nerve. The extensor digitorum, which is innervated by the radial nerve, extends this joint. The musculocutaneous and axillary nerves do not supply muscles of the hand. The median nerve supplies the lateral two lumbricals, which can flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the index and middle fingers

At the cubital fossa, this nerve becomes the anterior interosseous nerve. A. Radial nerve B. Median nerve C. Musculocutaneous nerve D. Axillary nerve

At the cubital fossa, this nerve becomes the posterior interosseous nerve. A. Radial nerve B. Median nerve C. Musculocutaneous nerve D. Axillary nerve

This nerve becomes the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. A. Radial nerve B. Median nerve C. Musculocutaneous nerve D. Axillary nerve

This nerve becomes the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm. A. Radial nerve B. Median nerve C. Musculocutaneous nerve D. Axillary nerve

The vertical plane passes through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into Anterior and Posterior parts.

frontal

What sections are slices of the body of its parts that cut at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body?

transverse section / cross section

The closer to the vertex, the more likely to be

superior

The act of movement away from the median plane

abduction

provides the skin tone, and account for strength and toughness of the skin

Dermis

This type of wound is caused by a blunt injury with heavy objects splitting the skin and shattering or tearing the underlying structures. Fingers and toes are commonly involved.

crush wound

This type of wound causes partial or complete tearing away of skin and tissue. It is associated with tissue loss

Avulsion wound

All are retroperitoneal except?

stomach

week 3 to 8 of development

gastrulation

All these statements are true about hCG EXCEPT: A. Glycoprotein produced by Cytotrophoblast B. Stimulates production of progesterone by the corpus luteum until week 8; placenta then takes over progesterone production C. hCG is found in maternal blood at day 8 D. hCG is found in maternal urine at day 10

A (syncytiotrophoblast)

One of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

hyoid bone

What is the longest bone in the body?

femur

What surrounds an orifice of the body that functions to constrict when contracted?

orbicularis oris

What surrounds an orifice of the body that functions to constrict when contracted?

Which of the following is an example of bipennate?

rectus femoris

Type of contraction of skeletal muscle where the length remains the same during contraction

isometric contraction

This type of muscle arises from a broad area and converges to form a single tendon

convergent

The term that describes the movable distal end of a skeletal muscle? A. Origin B. Insertion C. Prime Mover D. Primary attachment

Systemic arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body’s capillaries (t or f)

true

A vascular circuit that links two capillary beds A. Peripheral system B. Systemic system C. Portal circulation D. Pulmonary system

Which vessel has pulsatile contractions that propels and distributes blood?

brachial artery

Adult brain structure such as the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, arise from what primary structure

hindbrain

What is the innermost, transparent vascular layer of the meninges? A. Pia mater B. Arachnoid mater C. Dura mater D. Alma mater

Spinal cord of the adult ends inferiorly at what level

What cell is responsible for producing myelin in the PNS?

schwann cells

This part of the Enteric Nervous System is responsible for the GI secretions

Meissner's plexus

The cells of the sympathetic nervous system are derived from: A. Craniosacral B. Thoracolumbar C. Cerebrospinal D. Craniocerebral

Which of the following supporting cells are found in the PNS? A. Oligodendrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Schwann cells D. Astrocytes

A 14-year-old boy fell off a wall, fractured his right humerus at the midshaft. Wrist joint assumed a flexed position, and extension and supination were weakened. Which damaged peripheral nerve can account for these symptoms and signs?

radial nerve

This muscle insert into the lesser tuberosity of the humerus and functions for internal rotation

subscapularis

what is the first bone to ossify?

clavicle

This muscle is responsible for the first 15 degrees of the abduction A. Supraspinatus B. Serratus anterior C. Subscapularis D. Pectoralis major

Shoulder separation that involves the lateral end of the clavicle sliding on the superior aspect of the humerus is due to damage of what ligament? A. Coracoclavicular B. Costoclavicular C. Glenohumeral D. sternoclavicular

The trapezius muscle is innervated by this nerve

spinal accessory nerve CN XII

Which structure is not transmitted in the quadrangular space? a. Axillary nerve b. Posterior humeral circumflex artery c. Radial Nerve d. Posterior humeral circumflex vein

Where does the ulnar nerve lie during its course?

behind the medial epicondyle

A 24-year-old athlete, complaining of pain at the lateral side of the elbow. Pain was associated with arm and wrist extension

tennis elbow

The only medial and internal rotator of the shoulder

subscapularis

The only muscle of the rotator cuff which is not inserted in the greater tuberosity

subscapularis

What muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts? A. Teres major B. Teres minor C. Anterior scalene D. Pectoralis minor

Medial epicondyle of the humerus is in direct contact with this nerve

ulnar nerve

Which of the following does not belong to the principal groups of axillary group of nodes A. Pectoral B. Humeral C. Subscapular D. Clavicular

Common fracture of the forearm that presents with a dinnerfork deformity

colle's fracture

Nerve supply of the posterior fascia compartment of the upper arm?

radial nerve

Origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

coracoid process of the scapula

What muscle is being tested when the arm is abducted 90 degrees and the individual then moves the arm anteriorly against resistance?

clavicular head of the pectoralis major

Lateral boundary of the cubital fossa

brachioradialis muscle

medial boundary of the cubital fossa

pronator teres

floor of the cubital fossa

brachialis and supinator muscles

superior boundary of the cubital fossa

An imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus

roof of the cubital fossa

Formed by the skin, superficial fascia, and the bicipital aponeurosis

One of the following is not a member of the superficial group of flexor muscles of the forearm. A. Pronator teres B. Flexor carpi radialis C. Palmaris longus D. Flexor carpi ulnaris E. Flexor digitorum superficialis

E 1st layer: superficial is pronator teres, then RLU 2nd layer/intermediate: flexor digitorum superficialis 3rd layer: flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus

One of the following forearm muscles is not innervated by the median nerve A. Pronator teres B. Flexor carpi ulnaris C. Flexor carpi radialis D. Palmaris longus

B (ulnar nerve) All in 1st layer → median nerve except for ulnaris All in 2nd layer → median nerve 3rd layer: medial of profundus is ulnar lateral of profundus and flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus is median nerve or anterior interosseous nerve

most lateral of the forearm flexors

pronator teres

Only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger

FDP muscle

Deepest muscle of the anterior aspect of the forearm

pronator qaudratus

One of the following is not a superficial layer of the posterior compartment A. Extensor digitorum B. Extensor digiti minimi C. Extensor indicis D. Extensor carpi ulnaris

C superficial: brachioradialis, ECRL, ECRB, extensor digitorum, EDiMi, ECU deep: supinator, indicis outcropping: ABductor PL, Extensor PL, Extensor pollicis brevis

The principal extensor of the medial four digits A. Extensor carpi ulnaris B. Extensor digiti minimi C. Extensor digitorum D. Extensor indicis

One of the following is not a boundary of the anatomical snuff box A. Extensor indicis B. Abductor pollicis longus C. Extensor pollicis brevis D. Extensor pollicis longus

A Anteriorily bound by APL and EPB tendons Posteriorily bound by EPL tendon

Which of the following muscles causes the wrist to bend?

A worker contracted damage to hand involving the anatomical snuffbox. What structure is most likely affected? A. Trapezoid bone B. Triquetrum C. Ulnar nerve D. Radial artery E. Trapezius bone

Inability to hold paper between index and middle finger

ulnar nerve

A victim of an accident suffered a destructive injury to the proximal row of the carpal bones. Which of the following bones is most likely damaged? A. Hamate B. Trapezium C. Trapezoid D. Triquetrum E. Capitate

A 31-year-old patient complains of sensory loss over the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial third of the hand and the medial one and one half fingers. He is diagnosed by a physician as having "funny bone symptoms. Which of the following nerves is injured? A. Radial nerve B. Median nerve C. Ulnar nerve D. Axillary nerve

Patient falls on an outstretched hand and dislocates a carpal bone. The patient did not seek treatment. Several weeks later, the patient exhibits symptoms of nerve compression. This likely presents as: A. Wrist drop B. Flexing of middle and index fingers C. Inability to flex the fingers D. Weakness in ability to oppose the thumb

The patient experienced altered sensation on the palmar side of the ring and little fingers. What is expected to happen? ( basically symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)

atrophy of thenar eminence

What are the roots of the radial nerve? A. C5,C6 B. C6,C7,C8 C. C5,C6, C7, C8, T1 D. C5, C6, C7

The roots of the upper and lower subscapular nerve are as follows: A. C4, C5, C6 B. C6, C7, C8 C. C5, C6 D. C7, C8, T1 E. C8, T1

Which of the following is NOT a description of anatomical position?

arms adjacent to the side with the palms facing dorsally

plane passing longitudinally between the midline of the head and trunk, dividing into the left and right halves

medial plane

structures near the sole of the foot

inferior

movement that rotates the radius medially so that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly and the dorsum faces anteriorly

pronation

movement of the sole of the foot towards the medial plane, facing the sole medially

inversion

small fibrous bands extending to the subQ, that attach the deep surface of the dermis to the underlying deep fascia

retinacula cutis

true of sebaceous gland

cluster of secretory acini, which open by a short common duct into the dermal papillary canal of the hair follicle.

origin of integumentary system

ectoderm and mesoderm

following are retroperitoneal abdominal viscera EXCEPT

pancreatic tail

biaxial synovial joint (concave/convex)

carpometacarpal joint

elongated depression

spinal groove

vasculature that enters the medullary canal

nutrient artery

not a correct description of the cartilage

covered by periosteum

maxillary nerve exits the cranium passageway through what structure

foramen rotundum

uniaxial joint

hinge joint

not correct statement

pain in the synovial joint

characteristic of developed bone

epiphyseal line

proximal end; fixed

origin of muscle

correct description, skeletal striated muscle

white non-contractile part, attachment

true regarding skeletal striated muscle tissue

multiple peripheral nucleus

least likely naming of muscles

number of fibers

type of muscle contraction wherein muscle length remains the same

isometric

movement that raises the part superiorly

elevation

first digit brought to another digit

opposition

circular movement involves sequential flexion, abduction

circumduction

toes pointing inferiorily (tiptoeing)

plantar flexion

structure occuring on the same side of the body

ipsilateral

structure nearer the back

posterior

sections that slice right angles to the longitudinal axis

transverse

partial tearing away of skin and tissue

avulsed wound

corresponds to a woman's first missed menstrual period

start of 3rd week

epidermis is not made up of dense collagen and interlacing elastic fibers

true

Not true of the dermis: A. mechanically provides strength B. main types of adult collage are I and III C. Tension lines of the elbow, knees, ankles and wrists are parallel to the perpendicular to the transverse creases that appear when the limbs are flexed D. Tension lines spiral longitudinally in the limbs and run transversely in the neck and trunk

apocrine sweat glands open to the skin surface (t or f)

false

type of wound caused by sharp pointed object

puncture wound

Which layer functions as insulation and thermoregulation, allows skin to glide smoothly over tissues

hypodermis

chorion consist of the following

liver is not derived from mesoderm and cartilage is not derived from ectoderm

true

spool-like articulation of the humerus

trochlea

fracture to the articular surface of the L5, correct description

flat area covered with cartilage where it articulates with other bones (facet)

(?) shaft fracture; xray showed bone healing. what type of bone development is involved?

intramembranous ossification

fracture line extending to the INDENTATION of the edge of the bone; where is the fracture located

greater sciatic notch

LEAST describes cardiac muscle tissue

unbranched, central, mononucleated

which best describes a shunt muscle? a. runs oblique to the axis of the bone it is attached b. something acts as a shunt muscle when unsa to na activity c. favors dislocating d. runs parallel to axis of bone it is attached

D. exerts its line of action parallel to the axis of the bone to wc it is attached

fleshy, reddish, contractile portion

belly of the muscle

superficial blood vessel

basilic vein

soft tissue sarcoma spreads through ?

veins

involved in systemic regulation

left ventricle

wrap around artery and veins

vascular sheath

bilateral chronic leg pain, multiple bumps medial aspect of both legs with brownish discoloration (varicose)

ineffective musculovenous pumps

capillaries only have one coat t or f

true

lymphatic vessels are abundant in

intestine

Large and medium arteries differ by the amount of elastic fibers in their tunica media tunica intima tunica adventitia

tunica media

appropriately describes the aorta

Large and medium arteries differ by the amount of elastic fibers in their

correct regarding medium artery and vein

both are contained within a vascular sheath

blood vessel regulates blood flow to the lower limbs during walking

tibial artery

which statement describes the arteriovenous anastomoses

abundant in the skin

stab wound above the L claivle, milky fluid was note, what is injured

left thoracic duct

true regarding the walls of blood vessels and lymphatics

lymphatic capillary has a highly activated endothelium that lacks basement membrane

neurotransmitter abundant in the neuromuscular junction

acetylcholine

tough, fibrous layer of the continuous meningeal layer

dura mater

vessel that nourishes nerves and their covering

vasa nervorum

part of spinal cord responsible for proprioception

dorsal/posterior

most common type of sensory neuron

pseudo unipolar

encloses a fascicle of nerve fibers

perineurium

curve not found during the fetal period

cervical curve

finger-like cells present at the end of the neuron

dendrites

terminal portion of the spinal cord

conus medullaris

unilateral area of the skin innervated by sensory fibers by a single spinal nerve

dermatome

number of pairs of spinal nerves

bundle of nerve fibers (axons) within the cns

tracts

neuroglia line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

ependymal cells

will differentiate into the cells of the autonomic ganglia of melanocytes

neural crest cells

what is wrong about the clavicle

medial part is concave

pectoralis major insert

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

unable to retract, elevate, depress shoulder

trapezius

responsible for the lateral winging of the shoulder, unable to retract

rhomboids

inability to medially rotate

subscapularis

injury in the coracoid process, which muscle attaches to it

pectoralis minor

innervated by dorsal scapular nerves

rhomboids and levator scapulae

deep posterior axio-appendicular muscle of shoulder

levator scapulae rhomboid major rhomboid minor

injury to the suprascapular nerve

infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles

posterior wall of the axilla

latissimus dorsi

apex of the axilla

1st rib and clavicle

axillary vein becomes subclavian vein

lateral border of the 1st rib

at what level does the brachial artery supplying the brachial muscle originate

inferior to the teres major

25 yr old male, left elbow pain ulnar tuberosity fracture what muscle inserts

brachialis

21 yr old examined injury to right pectoralis minor muscle, what branch of axillary artery posterior to

second part

examine patient inability to flex right elbow joint secondary to weakness, which is not affected

anconeous

what is the main nerve supply of anterior compartment of the arm

musculocutaneous

27 yr old male in ER fracture right coracoid process

biceps brachii short head

whch is not direct branch of brachial artery

radial collateral

college freshman injuries to the floor of cubital fossa, most likely affected

brachialis and supinator

anterior interosseous nerve supply to except

flex carpi ulnaris

slid bathroom right elbow, elbow pain, unable to supinate forearm, which nerves are injured

radial and musculocutaneous

sample blood from medial side of cubital fossa, bright red blood noted to flow in the syringe, which vessels blood sample come from

brachial artery

fracture to hook of hamate cause weakness flexion and adduction to hand of wrist, which is affected; inserts to hook of hamate

flex carpi ulnaris

tennis elbow which muscles affected

extensor carpi radialis brevis

untreated ischemic supercondylar fracture is called Volkmann's ischemic contracture, which of the following is its characteristic?

metacarpophalangeal joint extension

forearm AV fistula anastomosing which vessels

radial artery and cephalic

muscle with corresponding innervation

brachialis and musculo

opening door; which muscle is least likely involved

extensor carpi radialis longus (all other choices are same orientation)

30 yr old carpenter carpal tunnel syndrome, which structures affected

opponens pollicis - median nerve innervation; thenar compartment also affected

physician examines right hand; which structure ulnar nerve innervate

FDP 4th digit

what tendon extensor compartment 3rd compart

EPL extensor pollicis longus

basketball player fell on hand; one of proximal carpal bones

triquetrum

patient unable to flex distal IP joint of the ring finger

Flexor digitorum profundus

physician examines numbness dorsal handmedial aspect

ulnar nerve

arterial supply deep palmar arch

radial artery

what nerve innervates serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

roots of upper and lower subscapular

C5 C6

innervates latissimus dorsi

thoracodorsal nerve

roots of axillary nerve

c5 c6

correct summary of brachial plexus

Roots Tracts Divisions Cords Branches

roots of thoracodorsal nerve

C6, C7, C8

false with regards to brachial plexus

influence on diameter of vessels by the parasympathetic

roots of radial nerve

5 6 7 8 T1

Which of the following is wrong about the clavicle?

The medial half of the clavicle is concave anteriorly.

12 yo male, upper hand, pain at elbow; fracture at distal ariculating surfac of humerus -

Capitulum

Structure in the deltopectoral groove

Cephalic vein

Which of the following are involved in the articulation at elbow joint

Capitulum and radial head

What is the insertion of the subscapularis

Lesser tubercle

What muscle is mostly type IIb?

Pectoralis major

Injury to the nerve supplying infraspinatus muscle, what other muscle is affected

Supraspinatus muscle

Left elbow pain. Xray shows proximal ulnar fracture in the articulating area. What part of the ulna is affected?

Trochlear notch

Disruption of the transverse humeral ligament leads to the displacement of this structure

Biceps brachii (long head)

Pain in the distal forearm upon rotation. Which is affected

radial styloid

Weakness of serratus anterior. What nerve is affected?

Long thoracic nerve

Part of the deep posterior axio-appendicular muscle

Levator scapulae

Injury to aInjury to axillary nerve. Muscle affected?xillary nerve. Muscle affected? A. subscapularis B. teres minor C. teres major D. suprascapular

B. teres minor

Structure affected in fracture in the medial aspect of distal Ulna

Ulnar Styloid

Axio-appendicular muscle that depresses and elevates clavicle

Subclavius

Median nerve injury. Which is not affected? A. FDS 2nd digit B. FDS 5th digit C. FPL D. FDP 4th digit

D. Flexor digitorum profundus 4th digit

A 31Y/M with a spiral groove fracture. What nerve is affected? A. Median nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Radial nerve D. Axillary Nerve

C. Radial Nerve

Superficial Vein

Basilic Vein

23/M Radial Tuberosity Fracture? Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Brachialis Triceps Brachii

Biceps Brachii

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Once it exits the clavicle/rib 1 area.

maloi, elbow pain, stage, outstretched hand

Floor of the cubital fossa

Brachialis and supinator

Sample blood from medial side of cubital fossa, bright red blood noted to flow in the syringe, which vessels blood sample come from

Brachial artery

All of the following are innervated by the posterior interosseus nerve EXCEPT

Extensor capri radialis longus

Fracture to hook of hamate

Flexor carpi ulnaris

At what level do brachial artery become/branch to radial artery

radial neck

Li dan the badminton player. What instrinsic hand muscle helps hold round objects?

Flexor pollicis longus??

Intermediate layer of flexor muscles

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Superficial palmar arch is derived from

Ulnar artery

Numbness of dorsal hand particularly the lateral aspect. What nerve is affected?

Radial nerve

Patient cannot flex the distal part of his right thumb

Flexor pollicis longus

Injury to hypothenar compartment. Intrinsic muscle affected? A. abductor digiti minimi B. adductor pollicis C. flexor pollicis brevis D. opponens pollicis

A. abductor digiti minimi

Pain in the wrist; which distal carpal bone is responsible for this. Scaphoid, Lunate, Capitate, Pisiform

Capitate

Nerve injury affecting the rhomboid muscle. What other muscle is affected? Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, teres minor

Levator scapulae

Which structure serves as the floor of the anatomic snuffbox? A. Radial Artery B. APL C. EPB D. EPL

A. Radial Artery

Mastectomy, intercostobrachial nerve "(tag-as ang choices and idk the answer huhu) +loss of sensory fibers +loss of tactile ____

patient with winging of scapula, what nerve is affected?

long thoracic nerve

What innervates the Medial 2 Lumbricals?

Ulnar Nerve

Erb duschenne palsy presents as

Medially rotated/pronated arm

What nerve pierces the coracobrachialis?

musculocutaneous nerve

AV Fistula

radial artery and cephalic vein

strongest ligament of the elbow (?)

Anterior band of ulnar collateral ligament

vein salvage, capacity to enlarge...for vein catheterization

saphenous??

Foramen of Frohse

radial nerve, extensor muscles of forearm

What ligament is affected if the clavicle is elevated at its lateral end

Trapezius ligament

What part is affected if the right clavicle is raised compared to the left clavicle

Sternoclavicular joint (?)

Floor of snuffbox

Radial artery

Sensory mechanoreceptors, associated with nerve endings

Merkel cells

Immature antigen-presenting, dendritic cells derived from bone marrow

Langerhan cells

Pigment forming cells

Meanocytes

Dermis produces adult dermal collagen types

1 and 3

Damage to collagen fibers durig pregnancy

Striae gravidarum

Damage to collagen fibers in obese imdividuals or in hypercorticolism and cushing syndrome

Striae cutis distensae

Suprarenal gland Aorta Duodenum (except duodenal cap) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon Kidneys Esophagus Rectum

Retroperitoneal abdominal viscera

First 8 weeks

Embryonic period

Last 30 weeks

Fetal period

The embryo develops a distinct human appearance by the end of what week of embryonic development

Week 8

Clefts develop and eventually coalesce to form the amniotic cavity

Epiblast

Consist of somatic mesoderm, cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

Chorion

Rounded process

Malleolus

Cartilage is avascularized, oxygen and nutrients through diffusion

True

Fracture healing

Hematoma formation Granulation tissue formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling

White non contractile portions

Tendons

Tendons form flat sheets called

Aponeuroses

Feather ike muscle

Pennate

Spindle shaped with round

Fusiform muscles

When a muscle's line of pull is oblique to the bone it moves

Spurt muscle

Innermost layer, endothelium + connective tissue

Tunica intima

Middle layer consist of smooth muscles and elastic fibers

Tunica media

Outer layer, strongest layer, consist of collagenous fibers

Tunica adventitia

Capillary only has tunica intima

True

No lymphatic system Bone Teeth Bone marrow Cns

True

Lymphogenous spread carcinomas

True

Hematogenous spread sarcomas (connective tissue cancers)

True (more thru venous routes)

Drains lymph from the bodys right upper quadrant

Right thoracic duct

Where does the spinal cord end in newborns

Space between dura and wall of the vertebral canal

Epidural space

Spaces between dura and arachnoid mater

Subdural space

Neural plate--->neural groove--->neural folds--->neural tube

True

Provides passage of the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Radial groove or spiral groove

Ulnar head

Distal

Fibrous membranous structure that deepens the glenoid cavity

Glenoid labrum

Origin of pectoralis major

Clavicular head and sternocostal head

Posterior wall of the axilla

Anterior: scapula and subscapularis Inferior: teres major and latissimus dorsi

Lateral wall of the axilla

Intertubercular groove in the humerus

Medial wall of the axilla

Thoracic wall and serratus anterior

Anterior wall of axilla

Pectoralis minor and major Pectoral and clavicopectoral fascia

What part of the axillary artery is between the lateral border of the 1st rib and the medial border of the pectoralis minor

1st part

What part of the axillary artery is posterior to the pectoralis minor

2nd part

Part of the axillary artery that extends from lateral border of pectoralis minor to the inferior border of teres major

3rd part

Origin of biceps brachii short head

Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula

Origin of the long head of biceps brachii

Superglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Lies posterior to biceps brachii

Brachialis

Triceps brachii strongest head

Lateral head

Branches of brachial artery

Profunda brachii Unnamed muscular branches Humeral nutrient artery Sup and inf ulnar collateral arteries

Superficial veins of the arm

Cephalic and basilic vein

Roof of cubital fossa

Skin Deep fascia Biccipital aponeurosis Subcutaneous tissue

Contents of cubital fossa

Radial nerve Biceps brachii tendon Brachial artery Musculotaneous nerve

Anterior interosseous nerve supply what

Deep anterior compartment FDP, FPL, Pronator quadratus

Superficial anterior compartment of forearm

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate anterior compartment of forearm

FDS

Deep muscles do not cross elbos joint

True

In superficial anterior compartment, all are innervated by median nerve except

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Supination muscles of forearm

Biceps brachii and supinator

Pronation muscles of the forearm

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Extend and abduct or adduct hand at wrist joint

ECRL, ECRB, ECU

Extend medial four fingers

Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis EDiMi

Extend or abduct thumb

APL, EPB, EPL

Flexion of the mcp joint

Lumbricals