LECTURE 16: THE SCIENCE OF OSSEOINTEGRATIO

Question 1

“time-dependent healing process” resulting in the rigid fixation of alloplastic materials in bone under functional loading

Answer 1

OSSEOINTEGRATION

Question 2

are anchored by a highly organized connective tissue attachment, the periodontal ligament

NATURAL DENTITION/ IMPLANTS

Answer 2

NATURAL DENTITION

Question 3

T/f

implants lack this ligament, relying instead on direct bone-to-implant integration

Answer 3

T

Question 4

special techniques, like those from ______ lab, proved implants could bond with bone without soft tissue getting in the way
→ this direct bond, called osseointegration, gets stronger over time, taking at least a year to fully stabilize

Answer 4

Karl Donath’s

Question 5

bone grows into tiny ____ or rough spots on the implant’s surface, creating a strong,

Answer 5

grooves

Question 6

implants with moderately rough surfaces (with certain texture measurements, like Sa between ____ microns) tend to work better, especially in tough cases

Answer 6

1-2

Question 7

_____is the go-to material

o most dental implants are made from pure ___ because it works well with the body and bonds nicely to bone

Answer 7

titanium

Question 8

a titanium alloy (titanium mixed with _____ and
___) doesn’t bond as strongly to bone, but it still
performs well in real-life cases

Answer 8

aluminum, vanadium

Question 9

might be better for tricky situations, like when the bone isn’t in great shape, it is considered the safest option

Answer 9

pure titanium

Question 10

is also biocompatible, meaning the body doesn’t reject it, however, it can be brittle, making it more likely to crack or break

Answer 10

ZIRCONIA

Question 11

other ceramics have problems

materials like ____ and ____ shoved good results initially, but over time, they became brittle and fail, making them unsuitable for long-term use

Answer 11

hydroxyapatite (HA), aluminum oxide

Question 12

T/f

o implants without threads (like smooth cylinders) didn’t work well for the long term

o adding threads to the design helps them stay secure and encourages better bonding with the bone

Answer 12

T

Question 13

T/f

special case for non-threaded implants

o there’s one non-threaded design with a porous coating (like orthopedic implants) that shows promise, but it only has
limited 5-year data so far

Answer 13

T

Question 14

o tiny threads near the top of the implant

o an exception–studies show they help keep the surrounding
bone healthy

Answer 14

microthreads

Question 15

the surface of implants is made rough (_____) to help bone grow and attach better

Answer 15

microroughness

Question 16

specific roughness works best, especially in weak or damaged bone

Answer 16

(Sa ~1.5 micrometers and Sdr% ~50)

Question 17

scientists are exploring even smaller features (____) to see if they improve results, but it’s unclear if the make a big difference in real-life situations
→ most modern implants have nanoscale patterns, but we don’t fully understand how much they help

Answer 17

nanoroughness

Question 18

some implants are designed to attract water (“____”), which might improve bone attachment

→ however, these implants often have other changes (like
roughness), so we can’t tell which feature helps the most

Answer 18

super hydrophilic

Question 19

new implants are coated with chemicals like _____,____, or ___ to boost bone growth

→ these changes show promise, but more studies are needed to confirm their benefits

Answer 19

fluoride, calcium, magnesium

Question 20

waiting 1 year after radiation or using special oxygen
treatments (_____) can help improve outcomes

Answer 20

hyperbaric oxygen

Question 21

the bone must stay cool during drilling, so the drill is cooled continuously (usually with water or ____)

Answer 21

saline

Question 22

drilling the bone

Answer 22

Cool Drilling

the bone must stay cool during drilling, so the drill is cooled continuously (usually with water or saline)

Low Speed

drilling is done slowly to avoid overheating, which can damage the bone

Sharp Tools
using sharp drills helps reduce trauma

Step-By-Step
drills of different sizes are used in sequence to prepare the hole properly

Question 23

the implant is placed into the bone, and the gums are stitched over it

this protects the implant while it bonds with the bone, a process called osseointegration

A. STAGE 1
B. STAGE 2

Answer 23

A

Question 24

→ after 3-6 months
→ the implant is uncovered, and a small connector (called an abutment) is attached to link the implant to the oral cavity

A. STAGE 1
B. STAGE 2

Answer 24

B

Question 25

T/f

recent studies found that gentle whole-body vibrations (similar to a mild workout) might help bone grow around implants faster
→ this might lead to new ways to speed up recovery and improve
outcomes in the future

Answer 25

T