Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POPH 192 > Lecture 16: Measuring Disease Occurrence > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Measuring Disease Occurrence Flashcards

1
Q

What are populations?

2

A
  • A group of people in a geographical area

- A group of people with a common characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is first used to understand a disease in a population?

A

Measuring a diseases occurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is the occurrence of disease measured in populations?

3

A
  • To understand health status
  • Trends in disease over time
  • How disease impacts different groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the measures of disease occurrence?

3

A
  • Prevalence
  • Incident proportion
  • Incident rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is incident proportion sometimes referred to?

A

Cumulative incidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prevalence?

A

The proportion of a population who HAVE the disease at a point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does prevalence tell us?

A

The proportion of a population who have a disease at a certain point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do you want to consider the prevalence of a disease in a population?

A

To understand the burden of the disease and how to allocate resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you calculate prevalence?

A

Number of people with the disease at a given point in time
/
Total number of people in the population at that point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When reporting prevalence what aspects must be expressed to interoperate findings?
(5)

A
  • Measure of occurrence
  • Exposure or outcome
  • Population
  • Time point
  • Value
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 2 limitations of prevalence?

A
  • Difficult to assess the development of disease

- It is influenced by the duration of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does duration influence prevalence?

A

At a given time the prevalence can be higher due to cases lasting longer with out there being an actual higher amount of cases throughout the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is incidence?

A

The occurrence of NEW CASES of an outcome in a population during a specific period of follow-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is incidence proportion?

A

The proportion of an outcome-free population that develops the outcome of interest in a specific time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you calculate incidence proportion?

A

Number of people who develop the disease in a specified period
/
Number of people at risk of developing the disease at the start of the period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are reasons people are not considered to be at risk at the start of a study?
(2)

A
  • They already have the condition

- The condition is something that they cannot develop

17
Q

When reporting incidence proportion what aspects must be expressed to interoperate findings?
(5)

A
  • Measure of occurrence
  • Exposure or outcome
  • Population
  • Time point
  • Value
18
Q

Why is incident proportion used?

A

It shows the average risk amongst a population, but not of each individual

19
Q

What are limitations of incidence proportion?

2

A
  • Assumes a ‘closed’ population (does not account for people coming or going in populations)
  • Highly dependent on the time period (longer time period = higher incidence proportion)
20
Q

What is incidence rate?

A

The rate at which new cases of the outcome of interest occur in a population

21
Q

How do you calculate incidence rate?

A

Number of people who develop the disease in a specified period
/
Number of person-years at risk of developing the disease

22
Q

What are person-years at risk of developing a disease?

A

The sum of everyone in the population’s time at risk of becoming a case

23
Q

Why might someone stop being at risk of disease?

A
  • They become a case
  • They are lost to follow-up
  • Follow-up time ends
24
Q

When reporting incidence rate what aspects must be expressed to interoperate findings?
(4)

A
  • Measure of occurrence
  • Exposure or outcome
  • Population
  • Value
25
Q

What are limitations of incidence rate?

A

Information needed to calculate is often difficult to attain and complex to calculate

26
Q

What does prevalence approximate?

A

Incidence X average disease duration

27
Q

What ca changes to incidence and duration alter?

A

Disease prevalence

28
Q

When comparing populations can disease be affected by age?

A

Yes

29
Q

When comparing populations do age structures often differ?

A

Yes

30
Q

What does age standardisation do?

A

Removes the effects of populations having different age structures

31
Q

When is age standardisation used?

A

When age structures differ in each population and disease risks vary by age

POPH 192 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions